Introduction: Viral hepatitis is a crucial global public health problem affecting billions of people all over the world. The aim of the study is to determine the seroprevalence of these diseases in a region that has borders with three countries (Nakhichevan, Armenia, Iran) and to compare the results with national and international data. Methods: The existences of anti-HCV, HBsAg and anti-HBs were examined in serums separated from blood samples taken from patients older than 18 years who applied to Igdir State Hospital between February 2010-December 2010 using Vitros ECI Q J&J Company Ortho Clinical Diagnostic macro ELISA device. The positivity rates of obtained data were evaluated according to sex using chi-square trend analysis. Results: The existence of HBsAg was examined in 9114 patients. Among them, 569 (6.2%) patients were HBsAg positive (p=0.564). Anti-HBs existence was examined in 7441 patients. Anti-HBs positivity was detected in 2690 (36.2%) patients. Additionally, anti-HCV existence was examined among 6714 patients. Total of 126 (1.9%) of these patients had anti-HCV positivity (p<0.01). Conclusion: As a result, anti-HCV positivity rates in Igdir are compatible with the values for Turkey according to Turkey Health Statistics yearbook 2009. However, HBsAg positivity rates are higher than in other regions of our country. Gender does not make significant difference on positivity rates of Hepatitis B and C.
In this study, the annual mean temperature and annual total precipitation amounts of 6 cities within the borders of western Black Sea region have been calculated by using the meteorological values of 43 years between 1970 and 2012. Taking the data of this period as basement, it was aimed to estimate the mean annual temperature and annual total precipitation amounts until 2025 through growth curve model. In parallel with trends seen in western Black Sea region in recent years, the temperature increase is estimated for 5 out of 6 cities, while precipitation decrease is also estimated for 5 out of 6 cities. As well known, forests are not only a natural resource consisting of forests. Besides the trees, forests are dynamic creatures changing continuously and consisting of above- and below-surface micro and macro fauna and vegetation structure. That’s why; the protection of species in underbrush of forests such as common burdock, hedera, holly, scarlet firethorn, woadwaxen, sword fern, rose hip, boxwood in bush form, and taxus in shrub form is very useful for both of protection of biological diversity and for tolerating the armful results of climate change.
In the stage of Early Childhood Education children find in their own body and movement the main way of getting in touch with the reality which surrounds them and, thereby, acquiring knowledge about the environment where they are growing up and developing. Undoubtedly, the progressive discovery of the body itself as a source of feelings and sensations, exploring the different possibilities of action and body functions, will constitute the necessary experiences upon which children’s thought is being built. Besides, affective relationships established in situations of psychomotor education, and particularly through game, will be essential for children’s emotional development.\nIn this sense, this article is focused on justifying the necessary presence of Psychomotor Education in Early Childhood Education as well as on showing a pedagogical proposal based on an attractive and entertaining motor intervention for children at this stage. This article contains concepts and assumptions about the psychomotor development, movement contents, motor game and the methodological approach where psychomotor storytelling, learning corners, workshops and projects based on action and adventure spaces shine in their own right. Moreover, a didactic design based on programming motor skills at this stage of Early Childhood Education in a funny and lively way also plays a relevant role in this article.\nFrom our point of view, professionals working in the field of Early Childhood psychomotor skills may know and recognize the value of the proposals shown here so that they can teach us to be more critical regarding our professional practice, increasing our concern about the development of motor skills – physical education in Early Childhood Education in its systematic form – which without any doubt will result in children’s higher levels of welfare and health with regards to their own construction of the reality which surrounds them.
Studies involving adrenomedullin (AdM) have intensified due to the fact that the multifunctional peptide hormone was recently revealed to possess antioxidative features. In the liver, the effects of AdM and methylated adrenomedullin (M-AdM) were examined both biochemically and histologically. The question of whether AdM and/or M-AdM protect the liver from heavy metal-induced oxidative stress was investigated. For this purpose, at first AdM was methylated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed spectrophotometrically. Histological changes were determined in the liver by light and eletron microscopy. Histopatologic scores between control and heavy metal treated groups were significant. Tissue anomaly and denerated organelles were observed after heavy metal treatment. We concluded that, there was no beneficial effect of AdM or M-AdM at the level of tissue or organel. However, administration of M-AdM in the lead (Pb)-treated rats significantly increased MDA levels compared with the Pb and Cd-treated group. While AdM further decreased Pb-induced attenuation of SOD activity, AdM significantly increased SOD activity compared with AdM+Pb-treated rats. Cadmium (Cd)-induced decrease of catalase activity was significantly reversed by M-AdM administration. Also adenomedullin decreased GSH-Px activity in AdM treated group. These biochemical results suggest that AdM and M-AdM may have potent protective effects against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.
In this paper our interest is directed on pedagogy for gifted children. Gifted are exceptional children with special qualities and needs and we try showing our preoccupations towards the problematic of children with high potential towards finding the most adequate methods for developing their potential according with their interest. This aspect is marked by the necessity of recognizing individual differences. Gifted children need adequate educational opportunities to develop their inborn aptitude potential. Gifted are exceptional children with special qualities and needs. So that, it is necessary to undertake educative actions their interest domain and their real level of develop.
In past two decades, constant and very often adverse global economic turbulences have dramatically negative implications on economy of developing countries. In such an adverse economic climate public and private sector are facing difficulties for maintaining their sustainability, which directly influences sustainability of nonprofit sector and especially on non-government organizations (NGO’s). Democracy as a ruling system creates favorable climate for nonprofit sector activities. NGO’s do not represent new topic in developing countries, but they are still in a birth phase if we compare their activities with the activities of NGO’s in developed countries. Although in developing countries financial and other resources, especially consciousness regarding NGO’s are not on satisfied level, we still have significant number of successful projects in professional education implemented from NGO’s which can be a good parameter for analyzing the role and significance of NGO’s in creating and maintaining sustainable development (SD). This paper presents active involvement of NGO sector in project of professionalization of unemployed persons, how the results of implemented programs are influencing on upgrading competitive advantage of selected human resources and how the results have positive implications on SD on national level in Serbia. Since we have similar economic and political situation in almost all countries of the Western Balkan, the results of this research can have positive implications for practice outside of Serbian borders. In this paper we have covered a theoretical background on matter of NGO’s and SD and also we have implemented real project in order to gain more valid results and to test our hypothesis thorough and comprehensive.