Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of treatment with systemic isotretinoin on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and other hematologic parameters in acne patients. Materials and Methods. This retrospective study included 53 patients (33 females and 20 males) with moderate to severe acne vulgaris who had been administered isotretinoin at a dose of 0.3-0.8 mg/kg/day for three months between January 2012 and October 2012. The complete blood count parameters of each patient were compared before and after isotretinoin treatment. Results. There were significant differences in lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts and in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width before and after isotretinoin treatment. NLR was significantly decreased after treatment (p<0.001), although there was no significant correlation between NLR and the severity of acne or the dosage of isotretinoin (p>0.05). In addition, there was no correlation between the dosage of isotretinoin and the difference in laboratory parameters before and after treatment (p>0.05). Conclusion. Treatment with systemic isotretinoin decreases the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with acne. This may be due to the effects of isotretinoin on the immune system.

This paper, evaluates the regeneration diversity of woody species in two stands; Pinus pinaster Aiton. plantation and natural forest. For this purpose, two divisons in Karaçaydere forests of Bartın were selected; Division numbers 13a (Pinus pinaster Aiton plantation) and 15b (natural forest) with an area of 20 ha and 25 ha, respectively.The Random-Systematic method was carried out with grid dot of 100 × 100m and sampling plots of 500 m2. In each plot number of trees, diameter at breast height (D.B.H.) and tree species was measured. Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Bartın, between May 2010 and June 2012. In each plot number of trees, diameter at breast height (D.B.H.) and tree species was measured. The regeneration of species in two height classes of more and less than 1.3m was considered in micro-plots and sampling plots, respectively. Data were analyzed and the mean of each index was calculated and compared by t-test. Results showed that, diversity and richness indices in plantation was less than it in natural stand which in this case, the MacArthur\'s N1 index and the MacIntosh index were 1.998 and 0.296, respectively. With a brief consideration at the results of this paper and accomplishment of plantation project after 23 years, it is deductable that canopy cover closure process and absence of on-time thinning caused a reduction in regeneration also diversity of light-tolerant species in the plantation area.

Aim: Aim of the study was to investigate the histopathological changes of corpus cavernosum (CC) after long-term intracavernousal injection (ICI) therapy. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n=30) were divided into three equal groups: as control, saline was administered to the first group; as study groups, papaverine was administered to the second group and prostaglandin, papaverine, regitine (PPR) mixture was administered to the third group. ICI therapy was done during six months and twice a week. Results: Corporeal fibrosis was evaluated with Masson’s trichrom stain. A significant increase of fibrosis in the CC penis was observed in the study groups compared to the control group (p?0.05). Fibrosis was occured by long-term ICI therapy. Fibroblasts were determined using vimentin immunocytochemistry according to Metavir scor system. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of intense fibroblasts in the CC in all groups. However the means of fibroblast grades were higher in the papaverine and PPR group than the control group (p?0.05). No significance was calculated between the scores of the study groups. Conclusion: Based on our results, fibrosis occur inevitably in penile tissue during ICI treatment. Trauma of the needle is one of the reasons of the fibrosis. Vasoactive agents have an additional effect to increase the amount of fibrosis in tissue. Fibrosis scores and fibroblast density not change according to the kind of vasoactive drug. It was considered that the vasoactive drugs might also increase the amount of fibrotic tissue.

This study is motivated by the problem of erosivity (R); in particular soil degradation caused by rainfall. The objective of this work was to estimate the spatial variation of R in a coastal area measuring 37500 km2 which is one of the most important agricultural areas in northwestern Mexico. Four methods were used: the factor described by the universal soil loss equation (USLE) (R1), the factor resulting from regression curves based on pluviometric characteristics of the region (R2), the modified Fournier index or climate aggressiveness (MFI), and the Alm index or rain erosivity (Alm). For calculating R, pluviographic and pluviometric data from 11 CONAGUA weather stations (from 1966 to 2013) were used. The average annual precipitation was 526.74 mm year-1. The months from July to September had the most rain and from February to May the least. The annual average R1 was 1181.08, and R2 was 1084.51 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 with ranges of 2.35–5220.55 and 2.93–4711.38 MJ mm ha-1 h-1. These values are high in comparison to other places in the world. The values of the four indicators are directly proportional to precipitation amounts. Statistical tests showed that a transformation of the data of the form y=log(x) was appropriate for applying an ANOVA to the data. The value of the test statistic was F=0.919 with p=0.4, showing interdependence between the indicators P (? > 0.5) The values of the correlation coefficients for the data were P vs.R1=0.96, P vs.R2=0.99, P vs. Alm=0.98, P vs. MFI = 0.99. Overall, the classification of risk in this region showed that that 2017.5 km2 of the study area was under a very high risk of rain erosion, 2407.5 km2 under high risk, 5662.5 km2 under medium to high risk, and 14250 km2 under low risk. The results are shown on 1:10,000 maps. These constitute a bank of useful information for soil management programs and for cultivation planning that takes the seasonal variation of R into account in this region where large volumes of corn, tomatoes, potatoes and other crops are grown for the domestic and export markets.

This paper presents the results of studying the formation of gold nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of natural polysaccharide - gellan. Gellan is a heteropolysaccharide, monomer unit consists of four residues of polysaccharides: two β-D-glucose, β-D-glucuronic acid and α-L-rhamnose. The presence of multiple functional groups causes the stabilizing metal nanoparticles with respect to the properties of gellan. Gold NPs were obtained according to standard method by one-step gold hydrochloric acid recovery. The absorption spectra of solutions of low metal were obtained by the scanning spectrophotometer and the micrographs of gold NPs were taken on a scanning electron microscope. The obtained nanoparticles exhibit the aggregative and sedimentation stability. Analysis of the data suggests the prospects of using gellan as a stabilizer for sustainable forms of nanoscale gold. These results are of interest for further research and open up new perspectives for various practical applications.

In this paper, we study N(k)-mixed quasi Einstein spaces, and mixed super quasi Einstein spaces admitting the W_2-curvature tensor. Specifically, we study the geometric properties of these space which are W_2-flat.