The agriculture in all industries is the most closely related to nature. Essentially, agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and at the same time has itself a huge potential for the reduction of GHG emissions, too. Therefore, vigorously to develop low-carbon agriculture and to give full play to the potentials for GHG emissions in agriculture is one of the most important measures for China to achieve the targets of GHG emission reduction. The basic objective of low-carbon agriculture development is to promote the transformation of high-carbon agriculture characterized with high input, high consumption, high emissions and high pollution to low-carbon agriculture with organic, ecological and efficient property, while the key to achieve this transformation is how to create good schemes, mechanisms and pathways. This research indicates that, the most effective measure for the development of low-carbon agriculture is fully to play the role of market mechanisms, and to give farmers the option rights of GHG emissions. At the same time, other necessary policy means need be made, too. From agricultural system’s perspective itself, countermeasures may be made mainly by way of the improvement of agricultural production inputs, land use and management and agricultural cultivation mode, agricultural wetland protection and the development of effective carbon sink agriculture.

Objectives: Permanent scars on the face are evaluated according to the medico-legal and psycosocial aspect. In this study, we called the cases six months after the event for examination and evaluated them according to their permanent facial scars.\nMethods: We assessed 143 cases who were called for examination six months after the date of event in Department of Elaziğ Forensic Medicine in 2012. The cases were evaluated according to their age, gender, cause of event (beating, stab or penetrating tool wounds, traffic accident, fall etc.) and existence of permanent facial scar which was negative or positive (-/+). \nResults: There were 19 female patients (13.28%) and 124 male patients in our study. Mean age of our study population was 32±17. The causes of events were in the order that; beating 83 (58.04%), traffic accident 21 (14.68%), stab or penetrating tool wounds 16 (11.18%), gun wounds 13 (9.09%) and burn only 1 (0.69%). The number of cases with negative (-) permanent facial scar was 95 (66.43%) and positive (+) permanent facial scar was 48 (33.56%). \nConclusion: Appearence of scars in the face may be different because of surgical suture material used for suture, tissue structure of person and experience of health care professional. Thus, we believe that the examination of permanent facial scars are still not based on objective findings. In addition; there are psychological and social effect for patients.

Objectives: In this study, our aim was to evaluate preemptive analgesic effect of Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) after lumbar spine surgery.\nMethods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned into one of three groups: preemptive TENS group 1 (TENS activated 20 minutes before surgery), postoperative TENS group 2 (TENS activated 20 minutes immediately after finishing the operation) or TENS sham group 3 (TENS electrodes were placed before surgery but not activated). Postoperative pain management was prowiding with PCA with morphine. During postoperative period pain scores at rest and during movement were evaluted using Verbal Analogue Scale (VAS). Total morphine consumption and side effects were recorded at the same intervals. \nResults: Postoperative morphine consumption was found significantly lower when compared with other groups in group 1. Although there were no statistically differences in pain scores among three groups, patients in group 1 had lower VAS scores than other groups. Side effects including nausea and vomiting was found significantly higher in TENS sham group.\nConclusion: This study showed that preoperative activated TENS reduced postoperative pain and analgesic requirements more effectively than other TENS methods with less side effects.

This paper presents a simple mathematical model to predict induced flowrate through a vertical solar chimney, a device using solar radiation heat to naturally ventilate buildings. The model describes relationships among transmission and absorption of solar radiation heat of the chimney, heat transfer from the chimney to air, and induced air flowrate through the chimney. To calibrate the model, an empirical coefficient was introduced into one of its equations. The coefficient was determined by comparing induced flowrate predicted by the model and one obtained from a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model for one test case. Performance of the proposed model was then validated by both the CFD results for many other test cases of different chimney dimensions and by literature results.

In this paper, we exspress De Moivre\'s formula for dual split quaternions and find roots of a dual split quaternion using this formula.

Games and toys play a great role in children’s life in terms of physical and mental health. Toys are play tools which stimulate the five senses and emotions of the child, develop his/her evaluation and practicing skills, enrich his/her power of imagination, speed up his/her physical and mental development. In preschool period children show great interest in play tools. At this point, the biggest mission falling to teachers is to introduce suitable toys to the child who is receptive and ready to learn and to provide guidance.\nThe present study with descriptive quality aims to examine the preschool education and elementary education teacher candidates’ knowledge and practices with regard to toy selection. In line with this purpose, the students studying at Uludag University Education Faculty Preschool Education and Elementary Education departments during the 2010–2011 teaching year were administered a questionnaire developed by the researcher. The sample of the study is composed of the first and the fourth year students receiving education at Uludag University Preschool Education and Elementary Education. The independent variables of the study are socio-demographic attributes introducing the teacher candidates, their departments and their class levels; the dependent variables are the teacher candidates’ knowledge and practices with regard to toy selection. The criteria that teachers take into consideration in toy selection (toys should contribute to the development of children’s abilities, mind and imagination, not support violence, include less danger (secure), be cleaned easily, be suitable for the gender and age of the child, their being expensive or cheap, their being beautiful, and the child’s liking the toy) were prepared under the light of the related literature and the subjects were asked to choose one of the three alternatives, namely yes, no and sometimes. Statistical studies regarding the findings are in progress.

Abstract—The problem addressed is how applying a continuous-time homogeneous Markov process to\nevaluate availability, reliability and MTTF for circular consecutive-k-out-of-n:G system with r repairman. In\nthis paper, assumed that the working time, and the repair time of each component are arbitrarily distributed and\nevery component after repair is as good as new. Each component is classified as either a key component or an\nordinary one according to its priority role to the system repair. When the system displays a gradual degradation of\nits performance, its availability and reliability are then analyzed in terms of fuzzy success states. Key components\nhave priority in repair when failed. By using a continuous-time homogeneous Markov process and the definition\nof the generalized transition probability, the state transition probabilities of the system are derived. circular\nconsecutive-7-out-of-10:G system with r repairman for an example is given to show the performance of themodel.

Evaluation of the molecular mechanisms, examination of apoptosis related genes and improve the new strategies that anti-tumor effect against the target organs are important in order to enhance the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy. In our study has been aim to aspects in terms of cellular and molecular that determination of what extend of the intersection action mechanisms of cytoprotective agents with apoptosis intended to promote in cancer cells or the which level of differences.\n\nAmifostine (AMI) and the dose of radiation used in this experiments were determined based on the dose levels applied in the clinic. Experimental groups were formed that were applied of AMI both alone and combination with 10, 20, 40 ve 80 Gy of radiation by applying 1 µg/ml dose of AMI on the cells during 1 hour throughout all experiments. In our experiments, cell kinetic parameters such as growth rate (MTT) and apoptotic index were used for determination of cytotoxicity occurred in HeLa cells. Also in our study in order to determine the molecular mechanism of this effect, the expression levels of Bcl-2 (Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, Bcl-x, Bik, Mcl-1, Bfl-1) gene family that are known to have a regulatory role in apoptosis were determined with RT-PCR technique.\n\nAcquired data from our research showed that arising anti-proliferative effect on HeLa cell cultures has started at 10 Gy of radiation dose and has increased dose dependent. In our study, on HeLa cell cultures at 80 Gy of radiation dose increases both anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect maximum level (p<0.05) and when compared to control AMI does not occur protective effect were concluded. Also with molecular studies carried out it was determined that 80 Gy of radiation dose which was applied caused significant changes in the expression levels of genes involved in the mechanism of apoptosis. In this context, in our study, determination of molecular aspects of the apoptosis pathway in cytoprotective effect mechanism, identifying the roles of the anti-and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene family members will provide important data for the studies in this field.

In this study, was carried out in the pure oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) stand of 70a division in the Bartın-Yenihan district, based on Ripley\'s L(r) function, the spatial distribution of beech trees in natural stands indicated an aggregate pattern, because the index of pattern L(r) was more than zero (L(r)=0.88). In order to test the null hypothesis of spatial randomness, we computed a 95% confidence interval of (r) indicated that clumped pattern was acceptable (H= 2.96, the critical lower limit of Hopkins test for aggregated pattern = 1.55). Also, based on T-Square method, results showed that the spatial pattern is clumped (Table 1). Hopkins test result with a confidence 95% indicated that the null hypothesis was unacceptable (H = 2.96, the critical lower limit of Hopkins test for aggregated pattern =1.55).

Multi-cloud storage service has turned out to be more rapidly profit development by providing a comparably scalable and location independent for clients’ data. Multi-cloud storage framework is based on open architectures and interfaces which has the capability to integrate multiple interior and exterior cloud services together to provide higher interoperability. The existing Cooperative Provable Data Possession (CPDP) methodology offers an efficient verification on the integrity and the availability of stored data but restricts in smoothly integrating the match index hash hierarchy with Hadoop Distribution File System (HDFS) two-layer name space. Also the existing CPDP is not effective in dynamically updating the parameters as per HDFS’ specific requirements. To overcome these issues, Multi-cloud Match Hash Index Hierarchy technique is used to integrate the CPDP with HDFS. Match Hash Index Hierarchy – Property Based Encryption (MHIH-PBE) technique provides a hierarchical index structure that speeds-up the search process and PBE tokens enable authorization based on tokens. The vendors take control of their data in multi-cloud storage framework. Moreover, a shift with cryptographic functions from vendor to recognizers makes vendors to gain computation power from clouds. Security analysis shows that MHIH-PBE technique maintains the same security level as the original encryption scheme and protects users from exposing their credential to application providers. Parameters like minimized communication cost, reduced computational complexity and improved security level are computed dynamically in MHIH-PBE technique with the existing Cooperative-PDP scheme to obtain better results with 2.857%.

Restaurants are the place that provides delicious food and good services to customers which content their physical and psychological needs. However, previous studies tended to discuss dimensional relationship and possible model between responsiveness, reliability, assurance, tangible, empathy, limited studies have been discussed whether cuisine (food- related) or service(restaurant environment- related) is the whole dimension to create cuisine quality. To figure out the key criteria for evaluating restaurant’s performance of W company, we applied duo-theme decision making trial and evaluation laboratory technique (DEMATEL) to draw a directed graph for better capturing the causal relationship visibly between multiple cuisine quality, as well as defined food-related factors as the factors of motivation, and restaurant environment-related factors as the factors of hygiene. Questionnaire survey was employed for evidence-based analysis, The post survey is further discussed and proved the validity result.

Adequate and effective bond is necessary for composite action of reinforced concrete structural members. At the joints of flexural members, bending stress of one beam magnifies the tangential bond stress around the main steel of the intersecting beam. This reduces the bond strength of intersecting beams. However increase in the strength of the concrete, increases the bond strength of intersecting beams. Experimental study was carried out to determine this increase in bond strength at the joint of intersecting beams for various compressive strengths of concrete. Beams, designed to fail in bond, were casted for this purpose. Each set consisted of three beams, two intersecting and one control. In all the beams steel and concrete strain gauges were used to measure the strain developed in steel and concrete. The results of the experimentation showed that the bond strength of intersecting beams increased from 10% to 55% when the compressive strength of the concrete was increased from 30.0 MPa to 100.0 MPa. This is due to increased strength of the mechanical bond and strong concrete keys. These test results may have an implication of on development length and splice length provisions at the joints of intersecting beams, in the building codes

In this paper a well defined and a very popular problem known as Shortest Path Problem (SPP) has been extended to find the shortest path between a pair of vertices in a rough graph whose edge weights are considered to be intuitionistic Fuzzy values (IFVs). The weights of each edge of the rough graph are determined by a group of five experts which are then aggregated with the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Einstein Ordered Weighted Geometric Operator (〖IFOWG〗_ω^ε).A newly developed Intuitionistic Fuzzy Shortest Class Path (IFSCP) algorithm is then applied to rough graph to find the surely (res. possibly) shortest class path between any pair of vertices.

This paper evaluates the Computer Assisted Education (CAE) at technical education. For this aim, we compared Professional Software Programs (PSP) based on CAE and Traditional Education. The effectiveness of Electric-Electronic circuit applications that carried at “Electric-Electronic Principles” lecture by using professional software, attitudes computer, academic achievement and retention at the lecture were investigated. For these purposes, two measurement tools were used as known “Computer Attitude Scale (CAS)” and “Academic Success Test (AST)” in the research that the researcher improved previously. The study carried out using mixed models. We used “Solomon four-group model” for in order to determine the effectiveness of CAE on students’ academic success. In addition, we used observation and interviews techniques to provide qualitative data. In this way, we aim to find out Student’s preferences among professional software programs comparatively. Thus, we assessed Electric-Electronic circuit applications by used observation forms technique, which analysed that used during the course in the school. To this end, in order to determine students’ thought about the study, some of experimental group students filled interview questions by using face to face questionnaire techniques. We used arithmetic mean, t test, Anova, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests to analyse data that using meaningful level of p<0.05 by SPSS 16.0 statistical program during the analysis.

In the present research there are presented two tools to guide companies in order to manage the impacts of Climate Change in the entire territory analyzed. There have been considered factors such as stakeholders participation and responsible uses of key natural resources like water. It is used a combination of methodologies derived from Water Footprint and Virtual Water calculations. It is also proposed a new methodology to calculate the vulnerability of industrial sectors of the analyzed territory.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between males and females student in Saudi preparatory schools. 399 students from eight schools in Jeddah city was responded to VARK questioner younger version. . Firstly, students were classified according to their learning styles into two groups, multimodal style (M) and single style (S). The multimodal style group consisted of students who used more than one style to learn, whereas the single style category consisted of students who depended only on one style. The second classification method, labelled as VARK7G, categorised students into seven learning style groups that consisted of visual, aural, read/write, kinaesthetic, bi, tri and quad styles. The result indicated a significant relationship between gender and learning style (multimodal or single). However, in VARK7G the result of showed there is no relationship between gender and learning style.

Developable ruled surfaces and rotation minimizing frames of space curves are used widely in CAGD. In this paper, the spherical motion of developable ruled surface whose directrix curve is a line of curvature is expressed via SLERP. Also, the relation between the trajectory formed on the unit sphere as a result of this spherical motion and the inflection curve is presented by using SLERP. In addition to them, the S.Frenet frame of the obtained trajectory according to general quaternion frame equations is given.

Both of two sample plots have been chosen within the mixed forests of Hasankad? Forest Range District for analysis of natural regeneration of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) and Uludag fir (Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmuelleriana). The locations of all saplings (height 0.8 m), seedlings (height > 0.8 m) and trees (height > 1.8 m) have been determined, and the measurements have been performed. Spatial pattern analysis and statistical assessments have been carried out by Ripley’s K function in R software. Although grouping has been observed in all growth stages of Uludag fir and oriental beech, there is a positive relationship with juvenilities of fir and older beech trees. These results indicate the stable growth in first stages of development. It is understood that the suitable growth locations are under the canopy of beeches for abies and under the older beeches for beech trees.

Budgets are useful management tools in conducting the activity of economic entities. However, with the increased volatility, uncertainty, and competition of the business environment, and with the changing business characteristics, it becomes necessary to redesign the budgetary system to address the needs of the entities and to face the current environmental conditions. In order to improve the budgeting process, the entity needs to understand which elements have an impact on budgets, and what the influence of these instruments is. Therefore, this paper presents, starting from the international studies, a centralization of the influences and underlying factors of the budgeting process. The main objective is to provide managers with a guide that will assist them in the design and implementation of an effective budgetary system.

Douchi is a traditional fermented seasoning food, which is prepared\nby fermenting steamed soybeans by koji in China. In this study, firstly, black\nbean was used as a material to produce Douchi by a fermentation process.Then, the extracts of flavones, mendilion, peptides and polysaccharides from\nblack bean and Douchi were obtained. Finally, their antioxidant properties\nusing DPPH scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and\nreducing power were evaluated, these various antioxidant activities were\ncompared to standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. The results showed the\nfunctional contents of extracts were changed after the black bean fermented to Douchi. The extracts had high scavenging activity and reducing power,\nDouchi antioxidant activity was higher than black bean. The extract of\nmelanoidin from Douchi had the highest DPPH scavenging activity. The\nextract of polysaccharides from Douchi had the highest hydroxyl radical\nscavenging activity. Flvones had the best reducing power. The data suggested\nthat the antioxidant activity were increased by fermentation, Douchi might be a potential sources of natural antioxidants.

This study is aimed to determine the importance of school starting age and prior early childhood education experience in the process of learning to read and write. The study was carried out with first grade students enrolled in four public schools in Bursa city center and their teachers. Descriptive model which involves analysis of subject and events within their specific conditions was used as study method. Quantitative data was collected through Reading Skills Scale and Dictation and Writing Skills developed by Obalar (2010) which were completed by the students’ teachers. Qualitative data was collected by a teacher interview form which was prepared according to a review of the relevant literature and first grade acquisitions. Ten primary school teachers were interviewed. The interviews were video-taped. Independent Sampling Mann Whitney U-test was used to analyze quantitative data. Content Analysis method was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between 60-71-month -students and 72-month-old and older students in terms of school starting age in favor of older students; and there was a significant variation in terms of prior early childhood education experience in favor of the students who received early childhood education. Findings support the results obtained from the teacher interviews.

Population parameters and the basic cost/benefit information of three west American snappers (Lutjanus spp) were analyzed to determine the most convenient option for their culture. The red snapper has the potential of having higher densities than the two other snapper species, where the spotted rose reaches its maximum at the age of 22 weeks, the red snapper reaches it at the 26th week, and the yellow snapper at the 27th week of age. The amount consumed is considerably low before they reach the peak of biomass production (415 to 579 g), which occurs when they are 20 (spotted rose snapper) and 26 (red snapper) weeks old, respectively. The benefit cost ratio (B/C) displays an exponential curve declining with age, with B/C values higher than 18 at the first week, when fish really do not have any commercial value because of their size. However, after the 12thweek, snappers reach from 343 to 448 g mean weight and they begin to acquire commercial value; by this time, the B/C ratio ranges between 4.8 and 5.0, which may be attractive as a departing point to consider a commercial farm. The economic equilibrium level (when B/C = 1) is attained between the weeks 43 and 46. Levels of food ration varies from 3 to 7% of fish weight per day, the costs of food range from $0.15 to $0.3/kg and the value of cultivated fish from $1.0 to $2.00/kg. This paper may be addressed into the right direction for the development of the technology for the cultivation of snappers, one of the most valuable fish resources of tropical west America.

Orange Spotting (OS) disease is an emerging problem in oil palm. This work explores the use of spectral reflectance as a tool to detect OS disease, to classify OS disease severity and to predict OS disease severity based on vegetation indices. This assessment was conducted at a commercial oil palm plantation located in Sungai Buloh, Selangor. Leaves from forty symptomatic oil palm trees and ten nonsymptomatic trees were systematically sampled from a 4.2 ha observation plot. Dot-Blot assay showed presence of CCCVd in 40 % of the samples obtained from nonsymptomatic trees. Symptomatic leaf samples showed a significant correlation (r=-0.70) between leaf chlorophyll reflectance and OS disease severity. Spectral reflectance of symptomatic leaves was significantly lower than that of nonsymptomatic leaves at the 465-711 nm wavelength region. Spectral reflectance of healthy and asymptomatic leaves, however, did not exhibit significant differences across all wavelengths investigated. In symptomatic leaves, spectral reflectance showed a decreasing trend with an increase in OS disease severity of up to 60% at the 555 nm and 780-1000 nm wavelengths. Among the vegetation indices tested, MCARI1 and mSR705 performed best in predicting OS disease severity with a goodness of fit (measured vs. predicted) of 66% and 56%, respectively.

In this paper we study Bertrand and Mannheim partner -curves on parallel surface. Using the definition of parallel surfaces we find images of two curves which lie on two different surfaces and satisfy the conditions Bertrand -curve or Mannheim -curve. Then we obtain relationships between Bertrand and Mannheim partner -curves and their image curves.

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the educational environment as perceived by residents in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), and highlight areas that need further improvement. \n\nMethods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of the major clinical departments using Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environmental Measure (PHEEM) questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using SPSS. Construct validity and internal reliability were assessed.\n\nResults: Return rate of the questionnaires was 68%. PHEEM was found to have a high degree of internal reliability (alpha Cronbach =0.78) in assessing the educational environment at KAUH. The total cumulative score of the three domains of the questionnaire was significantly higher in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department (89±5.2) while, Medicine had significant higher score in the role autonomy domain compared to the both Surgery and Pediatrics. All residents had a positive perception of one’s role and they saw their departments are moving in the right direction regards teaching while being at “Not a pleasant place” regards the Social Support they provided. \n\nConclusion: The overall residents perception of the learning environment of their departments was considered “More positive than negative, but room for improvement”.

This study examined the current attitudes related to tolerance and acceptance of sexuality among student teachers by using the Turkish version (Duyan, 2004) of the Trueblood Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire (TSAQ). The participants were a total of 154 student teachers (92 females, 62 males). Although the current data revealed that Turkish student teachers had quite conservative attitudes toward sexuality (e.g., autoeroticism, homosexuality, sexual variations, and commercial sex), they were inclined to be more liberal in accepting others’ sexual preferences and activities than their own. The results indicated the presence of gender differences among student teachers in attitudes related to tolerance and acceptance of sexuality for both self and others.

Industrial pollution has been a threat towards sustainability. In last two decades, industry began to test and implement various pollution abatement and prevention programs, some resulted to success and others failure. Joint effort among industry players in terms of green supply chain practices (GSCP) received positive result in both eco-industrial; namely: ecological and economic, performances. GSCP thus emerged as a practical approach that reduces environmental impact while also provides economic benefits to industry. Increasingly, ethical practice among companies also seeks to integrate GSCP to improve their triple-bottom line performances. This study attempted a hybrid approach combining fuzzy set theory and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to explore the influential criteria of performance in the automobile manufacturing industry, taking Vietnamese data for analysis. This hybrid method results with evaluation findings that lead to determine green performance indicators as well as to recognize the cause and effect criteria using a visual diagram.

Nowadays, increase of energy demand and costs, lack of energy sources, competitive conditions in the market and environmental considerations require the efficient usage of energy. Especially, steel industry is highly energy intensive sector and important contributor of the greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, an industrial facility rail profile mill reheating furnace was examined, improvement potential was determined attributable to the current condition and a new recuperator that is highly corrosion resistant, high heat transfer capacity design, production and assembly were carried out to increase the heat transfer from the high temperature (700~850oC) waste furnace exhaust gas to the furnace combustion air to ensure enhanced higher efficiency. The overall efficiency of the furnace has been improved from 61.8 % to 76.8 % by the preventing the leakage air and enhances the heat transfer in recuperator.

The popularization of the Internet and the rapidly increasing Internet population, the number of web sites increases hugely. Therefore, users have to spend a lot of time in order to find out the required information. An efficient tool that can provide the information has become the main issue for users. Accordingly, search engines are developed. Search engines can provide quick and abundant information for users, but they only have limited personalized search capability. To improve the drawback, we propose a simple and effective meta-search architecture that improves accuracy of personalized search. Besides, we propose an alternative architecture that can transfer the load from user computer to web server. In other words, the alternative is beneficial to enhance load balancing.

Typical dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) show problems related with electrodes. We present DSSCs with cheap carbon nano-tubes as counter electrode. The electrical behavior of the proposed device is theoretically investigated for some shading conditions. A theoretical model based on the presence of two diodes has been presented and it fits well some published data. Then, we have, theoretically, investigated the correlation between non completed shadowing and the efficiency of a unit of 4-W-connected DSSC cells. DSSCs may receive different levels of sun-radiation which stimulates the study of partial shading. The validity of the present model has been examined with best fitting to I – V characteristics for different shading rates.

The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of meat aging on degradation rate of aminopeptidases in Longissimus dorsi muscle of beef bulls. Sixteen animals were slaughtered at the age of 15 months after 24 hours of fasting (free access to water). Approximately 10 minutes, 24 hours, 7 days and 14 days post-mortem 10 g samples of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were obtained from the right side of each animal between 12th and 13th rib for analysis of enzyme activities. The activity of alanine aminopeptidase (AlaAP), leucine aminopeptidase (LeuAP) and arginyl aminopeptidase (ArgAP) was determined spectrophotometrically. During the experimental period significant differences were observed (p<0.01) in the activity of AlaAP, LeuAP and ArgAP. The activity of all studied aminopeptidases increased rapidly during 24 h post-mortem. Our results show that the AlaAP activity was increasing slowly up to 14 days post-mortem, while the activity of LeuAP decreased for the first 7 days and then increased until 14 days post-mortem. An increase in activity was observed also for ArgAP - 24 h post-mortem it was twice as high as that of the control (measured 10 min post-mortem) and three times as high as on days 7 and 14 of storage. In conclusion, the highest culinary value of beef was observed after 7 days of storage at +4°C, which is reflected in an increased activity of the animopeptidases.

Abstract: The Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) belong to that class of productive systems whose main characteristic is the simultaneous execution of several processes and the sharing of a finite set of resources. Now days, FMS must attend to the demand of the market for personalized products. Consequently, the life cycle of the product tends to be shorter and a greater variety of products must be produced simultaneously. FMS considered in this work has 32 CNC Machine tools for processing 40 varieties of products. Since minimizing machine idle time and minimizing total penalty cost are contradictory objectives the problem has a multi objective nature. In this work, we have developed a multi-objective optimization procedure based on NSGA-II and software has been developed using .net programming for setting the optimum product sequence. A Global–optimal front was then obtained using the software after 3000 generations.

Aim: Mean platelet volume (MPV) is used as an important marker of platelet function and has been demonstrated to be a sign of inflammation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of MPV as a reliable marker of measles in adult patients. \nMaterial and method: Forty six patients (male/female: 18/28, average age: 25.2 ± 4.9 year) diagnosed with measles were clinically and serologically monitored. The complete blood count and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were assessed for all patients. The MVP values of patients with measles were compared before and after symptomatic treatment. The MPV values were compared in terms of white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW) and CRP values. \nResults: Before treatment the MPV values of the patients with measles significantly increased in comparison with the MPV values after treatment (10.5 ± 1.3 fL vs 9.7 ± 1.1 fL, P < .001). In patients with measles the MPV values were inversely correlated with the PLT and PDW (p<0.001; r= -0.370, r = -0.091 respectively), and the PLT was found to be decreased in these patients. \nConclusion: As far as we are concerned, this study is the first to evaluate the role of MPV as an inflammatory marker in patients with measles. We found increased levels of MPV in patients with measles. Thus, MPV can be used as an inflammatory marker in these patients.