By a characterization of a Local SBL-algebra, we give an answer to the open problem ``Under what suitable conditions a perfect filter of a BL-algebra is an integral filter?\'\' proposed by Borzooei and Paad in the paper. Then we investigate some characterizations of ¬-filters via the notion of radicals in SBL¬-algebras. Finally we study some algebraic properties concerning co-annihilators and give a form of a ¬-filter by co-annihilators and generated ¬-filters in SBL¬-algebras.

In 2012, Mexico reported a wheat grain harvested agricultural area of 578,836 ha, which represent 2.82% of the national area for agricultural purposes. At the end of each agricultural cycle, wheat straw is generated as waste of this activity. Mexican farmers do not dispose correctly of this residue; therefore they burn it in the same place where it is generated, in order to clean the area to be used in the next harvest. This inappropriate practice is done to eliminate this waste, which amount is around 4,225,505 t. The aim of this work is to show the results of energy potential from wheat straw estimated at 63.38 PJ per agricultural cycle. This quantity is equivalent to 18.15% of biomass energy reported in the Mexico’s National Energy Balance, in 2011. Also, the option to use this energy for electricity generation in a biomass power plant was assessed. It was estimated that potentially could generate 665.88 MW of electricity from wheat straw nationally.

Bovine leukemia virus is reported worldwide, and has many effects in the health status and productivity of infected animal by decrease immune responses; also this virus has a potential risk for humans. Bovine leukemia virus has not been reported in Jordan. The purpose of this study- by using ELISA and PCR techniques is to determine the prevalence of BLV in cattle population in northern and central of Jordan. In our experiment we found that the prevalence of BLV by using PCR and ELISA techniques is 63.4% (196/309) and 28.69% (70/244) respectively. \nTo the best of our knowledge this is the first conducted study to determine the presence and the prevalence of BLV in Jordan. Further studies are required to determine the geographical distribution of BLV in Jordan and to identify the risk factors in specific geographical areas for BLV and several efforts are needed to establish a policy to control and eradicate BLV from Jordan.

Image segmentation is the first and essential stage in computer vision and image processing and also still a challenging problem in those applications. Typically region based segmentation has many issues during implementations. In this paper Hybrid Color Image segmentation algorithm is proposed to overcome the issues. The original RGB color image representation is transformed in to CIE L*a*b color space. The edges are detected by color gradient detection technique to turn out a histogram map which generates the gradient thresholds. It is actively opt for regions of contiguous pixels that display similar gradient and color values hoard the region growing course of action. The gradient value is increased until all the pixels are detected and form a region with different seed points. It gives the complete grown regions along with color information. Statistical Region Merging is used to combine regions with similar characteristics and reduce over segmentation during the process. It is a well-organized structure proposed for automatic segmentation of color images. Experimental outcomes designate the improved performance and quality of segmentation

In this study, the amount of total protein and tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity have been investigated in some rat tissues depending on aging and cold stres. At the young and the elder groups, the rats were exposure to the cold stres at 8oC for 48 h and then their enzyme activities were measured. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity decreases in adrenal medulla and increases in heart and hypothalamus with aging. Also, except for adrenal medulla, it is seen that application of cold stress leads to increasing of TH activity in heart and hipotalamus tissues.

Wireless sensor networks are extensively used in military applications for border area monitoring, battle field surveillance, tracking enemy troops, where the sensor nodes run on battery power. Localization of sensor nodes is extremely important to identify the location of event in military applications for further actions. Existing localization algorithms consume more energy by heavy computation and communication overheads. The objective of the proposed work is to increase the lifetime of the military sensor networks by reducing the power consumption in each sensor node during localization. For the state-of-art, we propose a novel intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle anchor node (IUAN) with an intelligent arc selection based centralized localization algorithm, which completely removes the computation cost and reduces communication cost at every sensor node. The IUAN collects the signal strength, distance data from the sensor nodes and the central control station (CCS) computes the position of sensor nodes using the intelligent arc selection based localization algorithm. Our approach ensures zero computation cost and significantly minimum communication cost at each sensor node during localization thereby radically extends the lifetime and localization coverage of the military sensor networks.

The formation of amyloid fibrils from kidney bean protein (phaseolin) highly depends on physicochemical environment, which includes ionic strength, heating time, stirring and seeding. The formation and characteristics of fibrils were investigated by thioflavin T (Th T) fluorescence, atomic force micro microscopy (AFM). Addition of NaCl resulted in an increase of the maximum Th T fluorescence intensity. The average contour lengths of the fibrils grow continuously with the heating time. The more similar length of fibrils was observed when the stirring during the whole process. Seeding only showed a slightly affect on the formation of fibrils. Stirring and seeding are all exhibited a speedup on the dynamic of the fibrils. Rheological measurements showed that an increase in gel strength as presence of the fibrils. It indicated that the fibrils could increase gelling behaviour, and resulted in stronger interaction of protein in complex system.

Abstract\nAim and background: office staff throughout the world forms a huge number of workforce and they have their own job risks. In this study we examine the body injuries caused by agronomy principles among the faculty members and staff of Islamic Azad University of Mahabad.\nMethods:\nIn this descriptive- study we examined 100 people from two groups of faculty members and staff. The tools we applied to gather data were demographic features questionnaire of the studied people and Nordic standard questionnaire and work atmosphere. The data were accumulated through carrying out interviews with people and were analyses by SPSS software.\nResults:\nThe most prevalent body injury reported among the subjects was neck injury among 68 percent among the faculty members and 70 percent injury in shoulder and the least injury in both groups reported in 8 percent of subject in. There are significant differences are seen among the two groups in case of visiting doctors, visiting private practitioners, hospital and physiotherapists. There is a meaningful correlation between the subjects` job experience and exercise with body injuries due to working according toagronomy principles among the faculty members and the staff but no significant relation was seen among the subject considering the daily activity, sex, dexterity, employment condition and environmental condition among the subject.\nConclusion:\nDue to the importance given to these injuries and their affects in the workforce`s productivity and increasing absences from work due to skeletal-muscle disorders, paying special to these disorders are of paramount importance. Considering principles of ergonomic in establishing office work stations and also instructing staff in this regard can have a vital role in controlling and lessening these disorders.

The present review focuses on the correlation between salivary glucose levels (SGL) with blood glucose levels (BGL) in people with and without Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and design of the relevant non-invasive and non-enzymatic sensor. In other words, the purpose of this review is to assess whether salivary glucose could be used as biomarker in the monitoring of the glycemic control of patients with DM.

A special class of ideals---idempotent ideals, in Boolean D-Posets, is introduced. Its Properties are\ninvestigated. Construct the quotation of a Boolean D-Poset via an ideal. Motivated by discussion of quotations\nthe notion of idempotent Boolean D-Posets is introduced and a number of equivalent conditions for a Boolean D-Poset to be idempotent imedpotent Boolean D-Poset is established.

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of perioperative steroid administration on early morbidity and mortality on patients following open-heart surgery who are already receiving long-term steroid treatment. \nMethods: Eighteen patients receiving corticosteroid replacement therapy who underwent open-heart surgery in our hospital between 2008 and 2010 were included in the study. Thirty-six patients who underwent similar surgical procedures during the same years were selected as the control group. Intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes of the two groups were compared.\nResults: The average cross-clamp time was 81.25±38.28 minutes in the study group and 71.46±33.98 minutes in the control group (p=0.36). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was 125.53±52.56 minutes and 101.69±37.57 minutes in the study group and in the control group (p=0.08) respectively. The average length of stay in the intensive care unit was 3.33±5.08 days in the study group and 1.31±0.62 days in the control group (p=0.13). The average duration of hospital stay was 14.00±15.19 days in the study group and 6.42±2.21 days in the control group (p=0.05). Whilst in the intensive care unit there were two mortalities in the study group (11.1%) and one (5.6%) in the control group.\nConclusions: In our study, there was no statistical difference in the postoperative outcomes between the study and control group, thus the administration of the current perioperative corticosteroid replacement protocol appears to be sufficient.

This study aims to probe into usability of Affective Tutoring Systems (ATS) on web page and the following issues: (1) subjects’ usability satisfaction with ATS; (2) difference of field independent and field dependent subjects’ usability satisfaction with ATS; (3) subjects’ user interaction satisfaction with ATS; (4) difference of field independent and field dependent subjects’ user interaction satisfaction with ATS. \nThis study conducts experiment on 100 subjects who are interested in learning Japanese. This quantitative research adopts questionnaire survey. By System Usability Scale (SUS) and Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction (QUIS), this study collects, analyzes and discusses data. According to subjects’ cognitive style, the subjects are analyzed by field independent and field dependent groups. According to experimental result, subjects’ usability satisfaction with ATS is acceptable. In addition, based on analysis, in comparison to field dependent subjects, field independent subjects’ usability satisfaction with ATS is higher. As to user interaction satisfaction, subjects’ user interaction satisfaction with ATS is relatively acceptable. According to analysis, in comparison to field dependent subjects, field independent subjects’ user interaction satisfaction with ATS is higher.

Examination of the Opinions of the Students Participating in the \"Play Stops at Nothing\" Project About the Play\nDr. Nimet Haşıl Korkmaz\nABSTRACT\nThe \"Play Stops at Nothing\" project aims to develop disabled and abled children\'s sense of awareness about their city by having them participate in decision processes in urban settlement areas and form a capacity about designing urban areas according to disabled and abled children. Within the scope of the project, both training and practice works are done. The aim of the project is to get a playground where disabled and abled children can play together safely. In the project, 24 abled and 6 disabled students are given training. Within the scope of these trainings, of 30 students participating in the project, a total of 27 students, 22 abled and 5 disabled, were administered the questionnaire and the opinions of the students about the play were taken through the questionnaire and the semi-structured interview method. The questionnaires were evaluated by using the SPPS 16 package program and the percentage values were calculated. Moreover, in the study, of the qualitative research methods, the Semi-Structured Interview technique was employed. The data obtained from the individual interviews was analyzed through using the content analysis method (Yıldırım and Şimşek, 2003). Within the scope of this analysis technique, the open coding was made, the interview texts were read line by line, and a code list was formed by the researcher within the scope of the research problem and within the conceptual scope of the study. \n• Related to the question \'How many hours a day do you spare to playing?\', 80% of the disabled students answered that \'they spared 3-4 hours\' and 50% of the abled students answered that \'they spared 0-2 hours\'. It was determined that 60% of the disabled students and 55% of the abled students played games with their families; 80% of the disabled students did not play games; 50% of the abled students played games during break times at school; 60% of the disabled students did not play games in the street; 55% of the abled students played games in the street. It was observed that 80% of the disabled and 59% of the abled students who participated in the study did not play in the playgrounds in their neighborhoods. As for the playing time of the students in the playgrounds, while a total of 80% of the disabled students considered that 2-3 hours of playing would be enough, namely 40% found 1-2 hours enough and 40% found 2-3 hours enough, a total of 82% of the abled students considered that 3-4 hours of playing would be enough , 41% found 2-3 hours enough and 41% found 3-4 hours enough. As a characteristic of this age group, it was determined that 80% of the disabled students and 55% of the abled students, who were at the period of sportive movements, did not have a sportsman\'s license. Thanks to the trainings given to the children in this project planned for the first time in the world with the aim of having both disabled and abled children design the playground where they would be able to play together, the children were made to acquire a sense of awareness both about their city and laying claim to their playing rights. Under the light of the data obtained in the study, it was determined that playing times of children should be expanded and playgrounds increasing their power of imagination are needed.

The choice of the system of waste management is linked to multiple factors, related to each other by the concept of sustainability. One aspect of primary importance upon which sustainability is the environmental compatibility of the technological solutions for the treatment of waste. As part of a technical choice of a treatment system, an important environmental aspect is related to atmospheric emissions and the associated risk on public health, also through the agricultural products. Mechanical-biological treatments can release polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) because of volatilization phenomena. To assess the effectiveness of the removal/mitigation technologies applied to these kinds of plants, dispersion simulations were performed using an AERMOD Gaussian model, and the impact of the atmospheric deposition to soil was assessed. A flat area was chosen, characterized by the absence of strong winds. Unconventional parameters were adopted to determine the deposition, which was calculated by the impact of the plant in terms of cancer risks. The results of the simulations showed that a biofilter, located either at ground level or on the roof of a biostabilization plant, is not an appropriate solution in terms of agricultural land protection. However, this methodology highlighted the positive role of RTO technology in terms of a reduction in the impact of PCDD/Fs and consequent protection of the agricultural activities.

The chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) is a portable analytical tool that measures the relative chlorophyll content of leaves. The SPAD-502 (SPAD) is quick, saves time, and is nondestructive. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of the SPAD to estimate total chlorophyll in Salvia officinalis L. and to determine how well the SPAD data correlates with traditional extractable chlorophyll. Presently, although numerous studies have been carried out with the SPAD there is still an incomplete appreciation of the relationship between these two parameters. As far as the authors are aware, this is first study characterizing SPAD response to measuring chlorophyll in sage. Some results in certain plants have shown a linear result, while others have reported polynomial or even exponential results. Results have varied from plant to plant, instrument to instrument, temperature, time of day, leaf senescence and stress factors, among others. The results showed that r and R2 values between SPAD-502 and chlorophyll are linear, and well correlated, indicating that this instrument can be used in the field to monitor chlorophyll content in sage leaves, at least during the growth phase. In addition, for sage the experimental species used in this study, results of chlorophyll expressed per unit area provided a better linear fit than per unit fresh weight.

Brand personality is a process emerging as a result of identification of personality properties with brands. Brand personality takes importance for consumers to exhibit loyalty towards a certain brand since brand personality affects decisions of purchasing and enable to make a choice between competitors. Therefore, considering this approach, marketers and enterprises determine which personality properties become valid for consumers and bring these properties into the forefront in the communication.\nDestination image is associated with tourist self-image when examining in the model of general image, destination brand and brand personality. This relationship shows that life styles of individuals and their systematics of values are of vital importance during process of choosing a destination. How much opinion of the tourist regarding destination image is in accord with his/her self concept, tendency of behavior, which shall result in visiting that destination, shall be exhibited.\nThis study addresses brand and marketing world in terms of travelling destinations rather than items of consumers. Dimensions of brand personality of Province of Konya, which is a touristic destination for both domestic and foreign tourists, were executed in accordance with Aaker’s (1997) scale, its differentiations are investigated, the destination image is associated with tourist self-image, and based on results of the study, clues about destination marketing of the province are obtained.\"It is published as a prooceeding at 8th International Academic Conference Proceedings-(IISES, Naples, Italy, September 2013)-• Conference Proceedings (PDF, TBA), ISBN: 978-80-905241-8-7\"

Mineral and raw material processing, especially flotation of metals, principally is based on \"classical\" chemical enrichment treating. Laser technology has found application in mining and geology not only for mineral detection or characterization but for enrichment, especially when chemical treating represent one dangerous process in regard to environment.\nHere are reported some specific methods, based on laser beam nature (as like LIS, LIE, Rydberg atoms, LIDAR or fiber optics) in solving of several selected problems about raw materials separation or enrichment. For better understanding of the possibility of such using the laser technique in this paper will be in more details explained the principles of some multi-photon or molecule processes for ionization, isotope separation, actinides treating, etc. Some laser fiber solutions are also worth for further careful examination and application.\nThe improving of laser techniques changes the classical chemical methods in enrichment of metals, ores or isotopes.\nThe possibility of coherent optics methods for solving several selected problems in isotopic enrichment and separation, in control of dangerous processes, and for environmental survey have been considered in this work. A distinctive role has been devoted to fibers, as an alternative solution to the free-space propagation of coherent beams and power supply of sensors. A contemporary oportunity for the space-borne waste hazard; decrease is briefly explained, so ecological aspects are included, too.

Political protest is analyzed in the article. A survey of experts was carried out with the intention of researching protest activity in different Russian regions. The aim was to measure the current state of protest activity in various territorial subjects of the Russian Federation, appraise dynamics of change in protest moods and manifestation in 2011 and 2012, and to identify local and federal peculiarities in protest activity.\nThe article analyzes the causes of protest activity in Russia, its main organizers and participants. The author reveals the mechanisms of the organization of protest activities. The study revealed the influence of the election of deputies to the State Duma (2011) and the President of Russia (2012) on the protest activity.\nThe author identifies the key trends in protest activity in Russia. The article makes a typology of the studied regions, depending on the content of protest activity.

Storage and transmission of images require huge space and bandwidth. The wise solution to minimize the storage and bandwidth requirement is compression. Reducing the size of image without affecting the quality of image at a bit rate is called as compression. In this work plant image is compressed and the edge features are preserved for diagnosing the disease present in the plant. Treating edge preserved images shows quantitatively and qualitatively elevated agricultural products. This work presents a leaf edge preserving image compression system using bi-orthogonal wavelet, hybrid coding (JBIG and EZW) and pixel interpolator addressing the problem of high frequency component (edges) loss in JPEG coder. In this proposed work, edges are extracted using zero crossing edge detectors and coded using JBIG coder which preserves the high frequency information. The low frequency components of the original image extracted through bi orthogonal wavelet transform are coded with EZW. At the decoder both high frequency and low frequency components are pixel interpolated to retrieve the original image with high quality. The proposed compression system proves to be efficient in preserving edges even at low bit rates.

Kitchen waste samples from expensive and cheap eats restaurants and from school canteens were analysed in the particular quarters of the year and their hydrolyzability, methane yield and anaerobic decomposability during anaerobic digestion were determined. The Czech kitchen waste was found to have a high starch content, to be easily hydrolyzable and its substrate production of methane, methane yield and anaerobic decomposability were found to be better than in the traditional substrate for Czech biogas stations, i.e. a mixture of cattle slurry, maize silage and grass haylage.

The property of a quasi-Baer *-ring is extended to its *-corner. The question when a *-ring is quasi-Baer has particular answers. Moreover, an Abelian (*-Abelian) Baer *-ring is a reduced quasi-Baer *-ring and vice versa. Next, *-biregularity is defined for rings with involution in a way consistent with the category of *-rings, and the relation\nwith biregularity is given; biregularity implies *-biregularity while the converse is true\nonly for proper involution. The center of such rings is shown to be *-biregular, too.\nMoreover, a necessary condition is given for a *-biregular *-ring to be quasi-Baer. Nevertheless, for a *-biregular -ring, some equivalents concerning the Boolean *-ring\nof central projections of R and the center of the ring are given. Finally, we define *-IFP *-rings and give some equivalents for this definition. The idempotents of such rings are\ncentral projections. The relation between IFP and *-IFP is also studied for *-rings (when * is semiproper or the ring is Rickart). Finally, a quasi-Baer *-ring satisfying\n*-IFP is a reduced Baer *-ring.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal tract obstruction is one of the most common causes of surgical emergency in newborns. Management of these patients depends on its site of obstruction, associated anomalies, the time of diagnosis and surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical manifestation, associated anomalies and the outcome of these patients with gastrointestinal tract obstruction admitted to Imam Reza and Razi Hospitals of Kermanshah.\nMaterials and methods: This is a case series study, which is conducted to investigate all of the newborns, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Imam Reza & Razi Hospital of Kermanshah during ten years from 2002 to 2012 with diagnosis of gastrointestinal obstruction. The history of the newborn, operation records and case records of the patients in addition to clinical and Para-clinical conditions and their pathological results were studied.\nResults: During the study period, 235 cases of gastrointestinal tract obstruction were investigated. Among them, 26.8% were admitted with imperforate anus, 26.8% with hirschprung, 22.1% with esophageal atresia,8.1% with ileal atresia, 7.2% with jejunum atresia, 6.8% with duodenal obstructionand 2.5% with colon atresia. The most common symptoms at the time of admission were abdominal distention in 46.06 % of cases, 36.22 % absence of meconial defecation and 17.72 % of bile vomiting. 80.6% of newborns were operated. The overall mortality rate of newborns under study was 31.2%. The highest rate of mortality was observed in newborns with esophageal atresia (61.5%).\nConclusion: The results of the present study showed that approximately5% of the cases admitted to NICU suffered from congenital gastrointestinal tract obstruction. Considering the high number of cases and the increased probability of death in these patients, close attention, better management and treatment of these patients seems crucial.

Abstract\nIn 2013, two reinforced soil retaining walls by a Geogrid with different shellswere built in Tehran. From the early stages of construction walls, some studies were conducted on both walls and the displacement of both walls, was measured and recorded by monitoring method. In 2014, and almost a year after construction of two walls was completed, the recorded results were collected and evaluated. Analysis of these results, show the one-year behavior of reinforced soil retaining walls with different procedures. These two walls, show different behaviors in horizontal displacement and displacement patterns of two walls at the height, have fundamentally differences. In next stage of the research, both walls were modeled using PLAXIS software and software results were compared with theexperimental results. In the final stage of the research, a new method is proposed for Geogrid arrangement that reduces the horizontal displacement of the walls.