We identified and quantified quercetin 7, 4’-diglucoside (m/z 625), quercetin 3-glucoside (m/z 463), quercetin 4′-glucoside (m/z 463), and quercetin (m/z 301) using LC (ESI)-MS/MS and HPLC analysis. Quercetin glycosides contents varied amongst the different varieties of onion. The content of total quercetin glycosides was predominantly in first scaly leaves of all the varieties and drastically reduced. The total content of glycosides was mean 46.44 mg/g dry weight (DW), and quercetin 4′-glucoside was the predominant compound accounted mean 23.1 mg/g DW followed by quercetin 7,4′-diglucoside (11.20 mg/g DW) and quercetin 3-glucoside (3.68 mg/g DW) respectively. The highest quercetin content (32.81 mg/g DW) was found in first SL of chartreuse and second SL has higher quercetin content (9.88) than other cultivars. A distinct variation in the contents of quercetin glycosides was detected between the outer and inner layer. Thus, the variations of quercetin glycosides in the colorful onions were significant.

European Union in several last decades have paid attention to specific instruments and funds development in order to give its contribution to harmonious popularization and development of rural tourism. \nOne of the most important strategic aims of Serbian economic development is supporting of the villages’ sustainable development through rural economy diversification where rural tourism development has an important place. In spite of this model of tourism importance recognition as a possible way of rural areas development, Serbia is in an opening phase of it. Although there are several positive examples, it is significant that recent projects haven’t been established according to national and European development programs, but according to private initiatives of individuals and groups. \nThis paper aim is to emphasise EU funds importance in touristic projects and rural tourism development projects investment, as well as cross border cooperation significance. Taking into consideration the importance of EU financial support in rural tourism development, the object of conducted research were analyses of touristic subjects in rural areas of Vojvodina information, interest and inclusion in projects invested by European Union funds.

Abstract\nAim:\nThe present study evaluates the status of glutathione (G.SH), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and selenium levels in subjects with periodontitis with or without diabetes and compared with healthy control subjects without the disease..\nMaterials and Methods:\n182 subjects taken for the study were divided into: Group I: 62 patients with chronic periodontitis: Group II -60 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis. Group III: 60 controls. Serum samples were taken for estimation of glutathione, GPx, and selenium from all groups, and subjected to biochemical analysis. \nResults:\nThe serum levels of selenium in diabetic patients(Group II) with periodontitis were significantly lower with a mean of 45.14±12.57 (p<0.01), patients with periodontitis without diabetes (Group I) with a mean of 51.12±13.67 (p<0.05)when compared to control subjects(Group III) 61.60±14.64 respectively. The serum levels of Glutathione (G.SH) were significantly lower in diabetic patients with periodontitis with a mean of 9.44±3.34, (p<0.01),patients with periodontitis without diabetes 14.54 ±5.25 (p<0.05) when compared to healthy individuals without periodontitis with a mean of 18.50±7.04. The serum levels of GPx activity were significantly lower in diabetic patients with periodontitis with a mean of 198.45±52.50 (p<0.01), patients with periodontitis without diabetes 236.92±56.25 (p<0.05) when compared to control subjects with a mean of 261.64 ±57.04.\nConclusions:\nThe present study indicates the antioxidant status in patients with periodontitis with and without diabetes is significantly lower when compared to control subjects.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between the temperament traits and levels of liking of children among preschool teachers. In total, 137 preschool teachers participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Barnett Liking of Children Scale. This study was used relational survey model. The data of the study were analysed by means of SPSS 19.0. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results of this study concluded that there was a significant negative relationship between the teachers’ temperament traits and the levels of liking of children. According to the results of the multiple regression analysis teachers\' temperament traits also has a significant effect related to liking of children.

Successful emergence of the one-stop-shop small supermarkets in the early nineties in Amman, Jordan, gave locale developers encouraging signs to move to a bigger urban step. Finding malls did not only shape Amman’s community, architecture and cityscape, but also transformed the user’s shopping, buying, selling and entertainment patterns. Small scale malls were first in-filled in-between residential areas, subsequently they expanded and grew onto near areas, or sites, hence generated huge solid blocks of blind urban architecture. Availability of land was almost the only parameter for constructing a mall or not. Big shift in the conception of the developers and designers’ towards constructing malls affected the performance of all conventional markets’ and shopping patterns. Proximity in time and place and the lack of planning strategies, augmented the developments of new malls, hence degraded street markets and older malls. Subsequently blind urban spots spread and dispersed throughout the city fabric and aggravated all types of urban agony and confusion that Amman is already facing. New regulations couldn\'t reverse the rapid accumulated problems, whether generated by the consumers’ changing pattern or the negligence and exodus from old malls to new ones, and the formation of the malls community and culture. The spread of malls became Amman’s new coordinates, design standards, planning parameters and one main element in the “Ammani’s” mental map.

The purpose of this research was to determine pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ prior knowledge in the algebra learning domain in terms of elementary mathematics curriculum, and to identify them by using concept maps. For determining prior knowledge, open ended questions about algebra, algebraic concepts and relations with these concepts were asked to pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ who were taking special teaching methods course. After these questions were answered in written format, pre-service teachers defined what a concept map was and how it could assist students to remember. After that, concepts of algebra learning domain were listed with the help of brainstorming. Missing concepts were added by researchers. Pre-service teachers were asked to make concept maps containing these concepts. Finally, the questions which were asked before making concept maps were asked again. By analyzing the change between first and last answers, it was concluded that concept maps were an effective tool for revealing prior knowledge.

From a model of crystalline cosmic vacuum space that explains the physical situation previous to the Big Bang, we obtain in a very simple and straight-forward way the cosmological constant. The obtained value of arises from a crystalline model for vacuum cosmic space with lattice parameter of the order of the neutron radius. Our theory does not allow the use of any adjustable parameters and the value of is unique, very near to the right magnitude order, as compared with the experiment. We propose diffraction experiments with non-thermal neutron beam in cosmic space to search for\nthe possibility of crystalline structure of vacuum space and to measure the lattice parameter.

In this paper we introduce and elaborate on the concept and application of modern day scheduling techniques on the food processing industry and we also provide a case study along with results to demonstrate the context of scheduling efficiencies which can be gained. In essence the formulation and implementation of Neural Augmented Ant Colony Optimization (NaACO) already established in our previous research and publications has been applied in the area of food processing and packing. The concept has been discussed through a case study of a local food processing/production plant of Pakistan where efficiency in processing and packing are of dire interest with the increasing demand and seasonal fluctuations

Vegetables have non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), but monogastrics do not have the enzymes to use them; hence enzyme addition could be necessary. Distiller dry grains with soluble (DDGS) contain NSP and are used in animal feeding frequently, so the enzymes may help their digestion. In the present trial 1,344 W36 Leghorn hens (50 weeks of age), were randomly assigned to 4 treatments (8 replicas of 42 hens each), which were: sorghum, soybean meal (normal and full fat) [2,840 kcal of metabolizable energy, EM (T1)], 17% DDGS [2,690 kcal EM/kg (T2)], T2 + Ronozyme blend (RB, T3) and T2 + Rovabio (RVB, T4). The experiment lasted 8 weeks, plus one adaptation week, assessing body weight (beginning and end), feed conversion, production, mortality, egg mass, shell quality, albumen (Haugh units), and feed costs. Most of the parameters are unaffected by the treatments. Nevertheless, with T1 egg mass was slightly higher and reduced feed conversion. The intake was increased with T3 compared with T1 and T2, being similar to T4. Yolk color was increased with DDGS. In conclusion, using multienzyme mixture in combination with DDGS as source of NSP has little effect on laying production.

This paper presents geological interpretation of Ugep and environs using aeromagnetic data and landsat imagery. This was carried out to determine the source to basement depth, delineate the basement morphology and topography, delineate structural trend of the area. Similarly, the study is aimed at analyzing the magnetic intensity anomalies within the study area. Various image and data enhancement and transformation routines were carried out on the aeromagnetic and Landsat data to delineate the residual from the regional anomalies. This study revealed a dominant NE-SW structural trend in the area under study. The presence of a long lineament located around Iko Anwari, southwest of Ugep is interpreted as a tectonic escarpment. Also the major drainage in the study area: the Cross and the Ukpom rivers shows evidence of being structure controlled owing to the high density witnessed around. It is believed that this feature represents the boundary between the lower Benue trough and the Niger delta. Result of the 2-D spectral analysis reveals a two layer depth model. The depth to the deeper magnetic source bodies (D2) ranges between 1.299km and 3.136km, with an average of 2.289km. The depth to shallower magnetic source bodies (D1) ranges between 0.035km and 1.285km, with an average of 0.746km.