Apple juice is the main juice of industrial production in Russia, with the share of domestic raw materials ranging from 20% to 30%. Shortage of raw materials is the main problem of the Russian juice industry. To solve it, it is necessary to lay raw gardens with specially selected varieties, which allow to make juice production as profitable as possible. This paper presents data on the suitability of Russian apple cultivars with immunity to scab for juice production. Such indicators as apple fruit firmness, juice yield, content of soluble solids (SS), sugars, titrate acids, Ratio (sugar-acid index) and catechins in the juice were studied in the cultivars Bolotovskoye, Zarianka, Rozhdestvenskoye, Solnyshko, Zhilinskoye and Maslovskoye. Widespread in industrial plantations Antonovka Obyknovennaya was used as a standard. All of the cultivars were not inferior to the standard in their suitability for juice, but in a number of indicators they were superior to it (SS content, sugars, catechins and Ratio). Bolotovskoye showed the highest suitability for juice production: the yield of juice for a number of years was 68.5%; SS content – 12.8%; sugars – 12.41%; Ratio – 24.8 and catechin content was 94.3 mg/100 g.
Hydatidosis is one of the most important parasitic zoonoses and remains a public health and economic problem all over the world. The hydatid cysts(HC) were collected from freshly slaughtered 270 (180 camels, 90 cattle) at Cairo abattoir and from 120 inspected donkeys at Giza zoo, Egypt. Cyst fluid was obtained from hepatic and pulmonary cysts for demonstration of protoscolices and hooklets. The incidence of infection of HC was 18.9%, 3.3% and 14.2% among examined camels, cattle and donkeys respectively, 5.7 %, 66.7% and 90.2% had in HC liver respectively, while the infection rate was 94.3%, 33.3% and 9.8% in the lung of examined camels, cattle and donkeys respectively. The rate of fertile cysts was found to be 42 (79.24%) in camel and 15 (29.4%) in donkeys. while, all cysts collected from the inspected cattle were found calcified. PCR amplification was used for identification of internal transcribed spacer gene 1 (ITS 1) of fertile HC obtained from camel and donkeys by using specific primer. The amplified DNA fragment was further analyzed by PCR mediated restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR¬RFLP) using two restriction enzymes (MSP1 and RSA1). The PCR yielded similar amplified DNA band of the same molecular size marker at 1115 bp in different isolates of Hydatid. No band variation of ITS 1 gene could be detected by PCR- RFLP by using two restriction enzymes. Amplification product of ITSI after digestion with MSP1 showed at 661 bp and 406 bp, while those restricted with RSA1 enzyme appeared at 745 bp and 360 bp.
ABSTRACT\nAims: Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various physiological and pathological situations. They are capable of damaging DNA, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids which are generally in aerobic organisms. This study therefore, was aimed at investigating the effect of solvents of different polarity on free radical scavenging activity of Nigerian specie of Psidium guajava stem bark using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer.\nStudy design: The crude extracts were obtained using solvents of different polarity and subjected to toxicity and free radical scavenging activity studies. \nPlace and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry. University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between January, 2009 and September, 2009.\nMethodology: The crude methanolic extract of P. guajava (CMEPG) stem bark was partitioned using hexane (HEFPG), ethyl acetate (EAFPG), butanol (BUFPG) and water (AQFPG). Free radical scavenging activities of CMEPG and the partitioned extracts were tested on 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical generated from Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). Their activities were compared with known antioxidant standards; ascorbic acid (ASCAD), butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) and alpha-tocopherol (α-TOCO). Brine shrimp lethality test was carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity of P. guajava to lower animals.\nResults: EAFPG and HEFPG scavenged DPPH better than CMEPG and other partitioned extracts (P<0.05). The highest percentage inhibition (97.39%) was observed in HEFPG and CMEPG at 1.0 mg/ml had percentage inhibition of 92.17%. BUFPG scavenged hydroxyl radical generated by H202 better than CMEPG and other partitioned extracts. Also HEFPG was the most toxic with LC50 value of 41.7170 µg/ml while AQFPG with LC50 greater than 1,000 was non-toxic. The decreasing order of the toxicity of the extracts was ESOPG > HEFPG > BUFPG > EAFPG > AQFPG.\nConclusion: The toxicity results showed that the extracts could be beneficial in the treatment of ailments resulting from oxidative stress which further supports the free radical scavenging activities. thus, Psidium guajava grown in Nigeria is a promising antioxidant agent.