Smart poultry farm application technology that enables adequate maintenance and management of a livestock production environment was developed as a remote control method through convergence of information and communications technology (ICT). The objective of this study was to investigate the improvement of egg production and egg laying quality of laying hens in a smart poultry feeding system (SP) and its working mechanism. A total of 400 laying hens (Hy-line brown) at 50-week-old in a randomized block design were divided into a conventional feeding system (CON) group and an SP group using an enriched cage system of animal welfare type and reared for 10 weeks. Egg production and egg quality were higher in the SP group than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). Blood RBC, HCT, Hb, PLT, PCT, and electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl−) were higher in the SP group than those in the CON group while H/L ratio, ALT, and AST were lower in the SP group (P < 0.05). Concentrations of blood PO2 and HCO3 were higher in the SP group than those in the CON group whereas PCO2 and TCO2 were lower in the SP group (P < 0.05). Blood IL-2 and IL-6 mRNA expression levels were higher in the SP group than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). Counts of cecal Lactobacillus were higher in the SP group than those in the CON group while those of E. coli, total aerobic bacteria, and coliform bacteria were lower in the SP group (P < 0.05). These results of blood parameters, immune cell growth, and cecal microflora balance indicate that the smart poultry feeding system can increase the productivity of laying hens in comparison with the conventional feeding system.