An experiment using the randomized complete block design in three replications was conducted in 2013 under laboratory conditions to study the effects of different treatments of hydro-priming and osmo-priming on seed germination of the Darya cultivar of wheat. The treatments studied included subjecting the seeds for 12 or 24 hours to polyethylene glycol 6000 at three concentrations (5, 10, and 15 percent), potassium nitrate at three concentrations (1, 2 and 3 percent), potassium chloride at three concentrations (1, 2 and 4 percent), and a control treatment of distilled water. Results obtained showed that the rates of germination, total percentages of germination, percentages of normal seedlings, lengths of the radicles and sprouts, length ratios of root to shoot, lengths of the seedlings, dry weight of radicles and weight ratios of root to shoot were statistically significant at one percent level, but the dry weight of the sprouts and seedling weren\'t statistically significant. The maximum germination rate (22.11) was achieved in the treatment of 8 hrs using distilled water, and the minimum germination rate (7.61) in the 16 hrs treatments with four percent KCL. The highest total germination rate (100) was observed in the treatments of distilled water with 16 hrs, where as the lowest (40.67) observed in the 16 hrs treatment using 4 percent KCL. The results also indicated that the highest percentages of normal seedlings (95.33 and 100) belonged to the 8 and 16 hrs treatment with distilled water respectively, and to the 8 hrs treatment of using five percent PEG (92.67) and 1 percent KNO3 at 16 hrs (96.67), and the lowest (40.00) was that of the 16 hrs treatment with four percent KCL. Results observed also suggested that the factors measured, including the rate and the percentage of seed germination and also the lengths of the radicles and sprouts and seedlings, exhibited an ascending trend when higher concentrations of osmo-priming compounds were used. These compounds showed their greatest effects when used at low concentrations.

Sexual dimorphism is a universal miracle in animals, and sexual size dimorphism occurs when the sexes of a species or a population differ in morphometric characters and in the body size. So far, sexual size dimorphism in the Yassujian lizard (endemic for Iran), Apathya yassujica (Nilson et al., 2003) is undocumented. In this study 42 (23 males and 19 females) adult specimens were collected from Kohguiluyeh Va Boyer Ahmad and Fars Provinces in southwestern regions of the Iranian Plateau. The uni-and multivariate analyses performed on the morphometric data (metric and meristic) demonstrated that males are larger than females. In the other words, except for SCA, all the other sexual differences were male-biased. \nMoreover, more records of A. yassujica from different regions of Fars province, southwestern Iran are given.

This paper presents an evaluation of loss moisture content and moisture content in Red Ruffled Pimiento peppers. The rate of the food\'s deterioration can be associated with moisture content (MC) while loss moisture content (LMC) provides information on metabolism’s rate in the post harvesting products, being connected with the layout change or with the variation of the biochemical composition of the dried products. Red Ruffled Pimiento pepper\'s weight loss explains LMC increasing and MC decreasing. \nThe recorded disproportional differences highlight the intrinsic relationships between perspiration and respiration rate that affects loss of water and moisture content in sweet pepper. \nThe main algorithm of the present research has used heuristically selected descriptors of texture for monitoring the evolution of wrinkles as measure of water contents by LMC and MC determination of Red Ruffled Pimiento peppers. The performance of neural network multilayer predictor was good (R2 0.9141) if consider the registered dispersion of the input variables.\nThe development of this non-destructive method for the assessment of MC and LMC, and of other chemical parameters, can be useful for online monitoring quality of vegetables.

The present paper’s purpose is to reveal the analysis results of the economic and financial influence of the climate elements (components of the climatic-marine index) over the Black Sea’s seaside tourism, especially in the Mamaia-Constanta area. The methodology used consist in the analysis of the graphics developed with the real touristic data offered from the local statistics and, also, from the climatic measurements and determinations from the Constanta’s meteorological station. Next to this method, mathematical functions were used for the calculus and simulation of the analyzed data evolution and their tendencies. In order to determine the specific relation between different type of data software like Mathcad or Excel OS were used. The graphical representations consist in 2D and 3D representation of data’s evolutions in the attempt to define and analysis the influence over each other and the most influential ones. The results emphasized the major influence of certain climatic-marine components, like average sunshine duration and average air temperature, over the tourist numbers and, thus, the income of the tourist accommodation structures from the seaside related with the Mamaia-Constanta area. Also, conclusion and specifications are established in order to countervail the income decline caused by the negative effects of the climatic-marine indices main elements.

For a good crop it is essential to have a soil that is fertile from the scientific point of view, to harvest a good crop per unit area; it is desirable to estimate fertility status of soil. So, we have developed a soil testing kit for farmers with pH, C, N, P, K analysis and soil health card and fertilizer recommendation chart. But, there is a gap for fast and portable sensor devices. Recent researches and development in the area of biological sciences is driven by the rapid progress made in the field of Nano-technology and Nano-structures derived from physical, chemical and Bio-sensing devices. The development and application of new methodologies to characterize, isolate and identify soil biota has helped in a large way to assess the soil fertility by detecting soil diseases (BOD sensors); Mapping of sugars and Amino Acid availability in soil with Bacteria sensors; Assessing the health and recovery of polluted soils and Detection of life (LIDA).

One of the most evident characteristics of today’s economy is rapid changes and a lot of developed countries have come to the fact that entrepreneurship is one of important indicators for economic growth and decreasing unemployment, while innovative and risk-taking entrepreneurs are considered as pioneers in economic development, so that a lot of developed countries and some developing countries, in order to go through their economic crises via creating motivation, promoting personal entrepreneurship culture, conducting entrepreneurship training programs, allocation of financial credits and appropriate policy makings, have led a great number of the people with entrepreneurship characteristics to entrepreneurial activities so that they can capture a major share of the world markets, in order to become superior in comparison to their competitors in the business environment and eliminate them from the competition field. Hence, development and promotion of entrepreneurship culture and creating necessary platforms for youth employment in the society seems necessary. This paper emphasizes the importance and status of entrepreneurship training and its effect on the promotion of personal entrepreneurship culture, methods, and structural requirements for entrepreneurship training in Iran, challenges of personal entrepreneurship training in creating employment and presents some strategies in this regard.