The spread of phylloxera, at the end of 19th century, caused a significant genetic erosion and reduction of areas under grapevines. One of the consequences was the introduction of resistant rootstocks from N America. Our study focused on Slovenian wildly growing grapevines which could hypothetically involve descendants of the N American germplasm introduced more than a century ago, and Slovenian wild indigenous genotypes. The results suggest that they can be grouped to five clusters: (1) species or hybrids involving Vitis labrusca L., Vitis riparia MICHX., Vitis rupestris SCHEELE and Vitis longii W.R. PRINCE & PRINCE, (2) Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera L. germplasm and its hybrids with the N American germplasm, (3) V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris (C.C. GMEL.) HEGI and descendants of its natural crosses, (4) descendants of crosses involving Vitis berlandieri PLANCH. and (5) N American germplasm and its hybrid descendants collected in SW of the country. Genetically ‘pure’ V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris allelic diversity has been partly preserved through natural intercrosses with cultivated V. vinifera or with much more vigorous and resistant American genotypes. For the survival of the N American germplasm, vegetative propagation has been crucial, however, such high levels of genetic variation could not be explained without presence of natural hybridisation involving genetically very diverse genotypes. Most of Slovenian wildly growing grapevines are well adapted to the local environmental conditions and some of them can be considered as potential rootstock materials, or as a source of allelic diversity for genetic breeding.
HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns in Africa has focused, for decades, on women, girls and youth arguing they are people at high risk of infection regardless the change occurring meanwhile. The research sought to determine who between women, girls and youth and their counterparts are more threatened by the epidemic nowadays. It also tries to confront the reasons evoked by HIV/AIDS interventions for concentrating their efforts and strategies on women, girls and youth with the current realities on the ground. It results that men and adults constitute the groups that need more particular attention from HIV/AIDS campaigners. Although it is confirmed that the epidemic issue is both gender and age related, men and adults are the groups that engage the more in unsafe sexual practices compared to women, girls and the youth. Consequently, they are more at high risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS. However this does not mean that efforts in addressing women, girls and youth may be dropped but a synergy between interventions addressing women, girls and youth as well as men and adults are needed with a particular attention to the latter groups for a better outcome.
This study divides housing units by neighborhood and by school district. Cross-classified hierarchical linear modeling is adopted to estimate housing prices. The neighborhood affluence index is treated as the characteristic variable of neighborhoods, and the high school enrollment rate is treated as the characteristic variable of school district quality. Empirical results showed that housing prices are affected not only by the housing attributes, but also by the neighborhood affluence index and high school enrollment rate. Further, the marginal values of living area and housing unit age are moderated by the neighborhood affluence index and the high school enrollment rate.
Human gait is the way of locomotion which is characterized by differences in body movement patterns (especially limbs), overall velocity, velocities of body segments, overall acceleration, acceleration of body segments, forces, kinetic and potential energy cycles, and changes in the contact with the surface. Our study deals with 3D kinematic analysis of human gait which is based on case study of women walking.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) stablly transfected with rat neurotrophin (NT)-3 gene were injected\ninto the site of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats for repairing. The embryonic cortical cells were\nharvested from rats on gestational day 14 and the Nestin positive cells were isolated. Rat NT-\n3 was transfected into the NSCs and these cells were further screened by Geneticin 418\n(G418). Western blot was used to confirm the stable expression of NT-3. After anesthesia, the\nspinal cords of forty female Wistar rats were impacted to induce SCI. Nine days later, the rats\nin experimental group were injected with 5 ìl NT-3 cell suspension (10000 cells/ìl), the rats in\ncontrol group 1 were injected with 5 ìl medium and the rats in control group 2 were injected\nwith 5 ìl untransfected cell suspension (10000 cells/ìl).One week after the transplantation, tilt\ntests and Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores were used to observe the repair of motor\nfunction of rat hind limbs. The transplantation of NT-3 overexpressing NSCs can improve the\nrecovery indices of experimental SCI rats. NSCs stably expressing NT-3 can significantly\nimprove the treatment outcome of SCI in experimental animals, providing a potentially\nfeasible pathway to clinically treat SCI.
In this paper, we use divided differences and Lagrange interpolation to give algebric identities involving one or two infinite sets of variables.
Three toxic plants belonging to euphorbia genus, namely Euphorbia biumbellata, Euphorbia terracina and Euphorbia dendroides are phytochemically screened and their total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoid compounds (TFC) were measured and antioxidant capacities are evaluated by DPPH test expressed by Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (VCEAC). \nIn addition, the methanolic extracts of these plants were assayed to determine their antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method.\nThe VCEAC, TPC and TFC values for the three medicinal plants ranged from 106 mg to 72.8 mg of vitamin C equivalents (VCEAC)/100 g of dry weight, 6151.3 mg to 2668 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g of dry weight, and 1246.4 mg to 1214.4 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g of dry weight respectively. A direct correlation between total flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity is observed (R2 = 0.96). According to the results, it is observed that E. biumbellata aerial parts possess a considerable scavenging antioxidant and antiradical capacity than E. terracina and E. dendroides. On the other hand, however, antimicrobial activities found are relatively weak.
The colorectal cancer incidence reaching both sexes is classified at the third rank in the world. 400,000 deaths by this type of cancer are being registered every year; it is becoming a major public health problem in Algeria. \nOur work is based on a retrospective study aiming to determine colorectal cancer cases through the Algerian West. The epidemiological study has been realized over 11 years from 2000 to 2010. \nThe sampling included 1464 patients suffering from the colon cancer (780 males and 684 females representing 53 % and 47 % respectively of the total sampled population). \nThe obtained results revealed a slight male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.14 and an elevated frequency of left colon (72.8 %) malignity affection compared to the right colon (27.2 %). According to Dukes classification, 56.6 % of patients presented C and D stage of tumours. In conclusion, the left colon\'s type dominates in both sexes in comparison with the right location in different wilayas (Oran, Sidi Bel Abbes, Mascara, and Ain Temouchent). \nThe obtained results from this study informed us only about colon cancer epidemiological situation through the Algerian West. Indeed, it will be much more interesting to realize nutritional inquiry in order to determine the important food role in the etiology of this type of cancer.