Various studies are being conducted on how to restore the file system. However, in existing studies, logging techniques are mainly used to recover errors during execution in an environment in which the file system is normal. These techniques have limitations because the disk cannot be accessed if the basic structure of the file system is damaged. In this paper, we propose a file system structure recovery model. In addition, when a file is completely deleted, the deleted file cannot be accessed through the normal method provided by the operating system, but a method for recovering the completely deleted file is suggested and implemented.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of parity of dam on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and economic efficacy of Hanwoo steers. A total of 344 Hanwoo calves (average weight, 29.2±4.5 kg), born between 2010 and 2016 at the Gangwon Livestock Technology Research Institute in Hoengseong, Korea, were evaluated. These calves were divided into five groups according to the parity of the dam: 1–2 parity, 193 calves; 3–4 parity, 86 calves; 5 parity, 30 calves; 6 parity, 12 calves; and ≥7 parity, 23 calves. The birth weights of calves were slightly, but not significantly, higher in the 3-4, 5, 6, and ≥ 7 parity groups than in the 1-2 parity group. Wither height, rump height, chest girth, and rump width were higher in the 6 parity group than the 1-2 and ≥ 7 parity groups (p<0.01). ADG from birth to 3 months old was higher in groups with more than 3 parity than the 1-2 parity group (p<0.01). ADG from 4-6 months old was higher in the 6 parity group than the ≥ 7 parity group (p<0.05). Throughout the entire experimental period (birth-30 months old), the ADG was higher in the 5 and 6 parity groups than the ≥ 7 parity group (p<0.05). The carcass weight of steers increased up to 6 parity; however, the difference was not found to be statistically significant. The marbling score was slightly, but not significantly, lower in the ≥ 7 parity group than the other parity groups. The net income associated with the 3-4 parity, 5 parity, and 6 parity groups was higher than that with the 1-2 parity group; however, the ≥ 7 parity group had lower results than the 1-2 parity group. The wither height, bump height, chest girth, and pelvic width of calves at birth were positively correlated with the parity of the dam (p<0.05). The body weight and all body conformation traits of calves at 3 months old had positive (+) correlations with the parity of the dam (p<0.05). Body weight and most body conformation traits at 6 months old had a negative correlation with the parity of the dam. The body weight and most body conformation traits of calves at 12 months old displayed similar tendencies to those found at 6 months old. Thus, the results of this study indicate that the parity of Hanwoo cows could be changed from the current 2.5 to 5 or 6 considering the increase in birth weight, growth performance, and the farmer\'s net income.

Many external factors such as climatic conditions, geographical differences, and altitude directly affect the primary and secondary metabolites and therapeutic use of St. John\'s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), an important plant in alternative medicine. This study was carried out to identify the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and the content of proline, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and total phenolic in the St. John\'s Wort growing naturally in different regions of Bayburt. The St. John\'s Wort samples were collected from 11 different locations. As a result of the analyses carried out on the plant samples, it was found that the content of proline was within the range of 4.6-8.2 µmol g-1 DW, the amount of malondialdehyde was within the range of 0.69-1.10 nmol g-1 DW, the amount of hydrogen peroxide was within the range of 79.89-155.49 µmol g-1 DW, the amount of flavonoids was within the range of 91.38%-100.27%, the amount of anthocyanin was within the range of 0.15-1.11 mkmol g-1 DW, the total phenolic content was within the range of 15.82-45.22 mg GAE g-1, and the antioxidant activity was within the range of 6.07-105.60 µg mL-1.\nIn conclusion, although the biochemical contents and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities showed a wide variety, the antioxidant activity was found to be higher in the samples 5, 8, and 11. According to the antimicrobial activity results, some plant extracts were found to be effective on bacteria and fungi, and especially the samples 5, 6, 8, and 11 showed an effect at the concentration of 200 μg mL-1. This study, the first regional study on this subject, will contribute to future research and clinical trials in the field of health.

This study examines the project manager as a leader and analysis the importance of leadership in teamwork. The authors completed a qualitative study that included nine project managers interviews. Study participants had either acted as project managers or had an education in the field of project management. The results of the study show that it is important for project managers to act as leaders when working in teams as this improves projects’ final results. The researchers hope that the study will demonstrate the importance of project managerial leadership and add to the knowledge on this topic.

Rose wines were an important group of natural wines, characterized by unique quality indicators. It is notable not only for the organization of the transition between red and white wines, but also for the presence of a well-formed consumer layer. Therefore, the study of this type of wine is on the agenda. Since this group of wines has anthocyanins and apomas, which differ in quantity and quality from white and red, their research becomes relevant. In the course of research, rose wines were developed using the Madrasa and Hindogna grape varieties. For this purpose, the squeeze was without exposure (control) and the squeeze with exposure at different times – 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. Before maceration, a sulfurous treatment of the squeeze is carried out. The squeeze was mixed with the compressed and obtained juice fraction. The resulting juices were sulfitized at the rate of 50 mg/l and put on fermentation at room temperature. The resulting wine material is separated from the sediment by decanting and left alone.\nGeneral indicators of the composition and organoleptic evaluation of rose wines were carried out in accordance with the methods available in enochemistry. While the Madrasa grape variety allows for more refined wine samples, the samples obtained from the Hindogna variety featured a higher alcohol and extract content. If the ratio of leucoanthocyanins to anthocyanins in the samples of wine made by years from the madrasa variety, according to the average indicators for 3 years, ranged from 1.81-2.50 and the color intensity-from 0.33-0.47, then in the Hindogna varieties - from 1.87-2.16 and 0.40-0.52, respectively.\nIn the process of maceration from 3 to 24 hours in the squeeze, an increase in the amount of anthocyanins was observed. When considering the samples, the anthocyanin content in the sample obtained with 3-hour maceration was minimal, and with 6-and 12-hour maceration-optimal, and, finally, with 18 - and 24-hour maceration-maximum, that is, 86.02-91.35 mg/dm3. As for the quality, 14 representatives of anthocyanins were identified in the wine samples.\nIn the wine samples, 8 representatives of aromatic volatile phenols, 7 representatives of lactones and 5 representatives of 6-carbon compounds were found. Organoleptic analysis of rose wine samples obtained from the Madrasa grape variety with aging for 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours was carried out. Samples of rose wine prepared by maceration for 3 and 6 hours were rated 0.6-0.8 points higher than their other counterparts.