Decay is the most significant problems facing the wood products industry .One of \n\nthe common fungi causing decay damage to trees is Coriolus versicolor .\n\nIn this research the stages of wood colonization and degradation by Coriolus versicolor has been \n\ninvestigated afrter 10 weeks and 16 weeks respectively.. The highest weight loss occurred after 16\n\n weeks (47.5%) in comparison with 10 weeks (13.2%) .There were high correlation between mass loss \n\nand fibre-efficiency . Anatomical changes studied by the light microscopy following decay process. \n\n The ability to measure decay process in microstructure of Fagus orientalis is important for \n\nassessing degradation of wood for biotechnological applications using these wood – modifying \n\nmicroorganisms such as bio-pulping.

Reactive oxygen species are involved in many of the angiotensin II signaling pathways. So we have thus investigated whether the Aliskiren as a potent renin inhibitor, can inhibit the accelerated renal fibrosis and excess oxidative stress, which occurs after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rat.\nAliskiren (ALK) is a potent inhibitor and non-peptide renin enzyme in humans and mice which is effective in reducing diabetic nephropathies complications and oxidative stress Process (in the form of reducing the glomerular around sclerosis interstitial fibrosis and also proteinuria).\nThis experimental study was performed on 50 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals in control group, received medicine solvent for 15 days orally. In the second group (UUO) after unilateral ureteral obstruction animals received medicine solvent for 15 days daily. In The third group (UUO+ALK) animals after unilateral ureteral obstruction, received Aliskiren daily for fifteen days. In fourth (shame) and fifth (sham/ALK) groups, animals underwent surgery as second and third group but without urethral obstruction. Also in fourth group medicine solvent and in fifth group Aliskiren were used. In this study it was recognized that Aliskiren could significantly improves renal function via reducing BUN serum and blood creatinine levels and also on the other hand it could reduces histopathological lesions such as tubular and glomerular damages. The results indicated that recovering effects induced by using Aliskiren on renal lesions causes unilateral ureteral obstruction.

The aim of this study is to determine effect of “context based learning approach” towards student’s biology success and attitudes on biology course. This study was applied to two groups’ first grade students that include 53 students in control group that designed on traditional learning approach and 41 students in experimental group that designed on context based approach by the same teacher over a period of 8 weeks in department of elementary learning education. Achievements test prepared for each biology subjects and attitude test towards biology courses were used as means of collecting quantitative data, interview form which includes open ended questions were implemented as means of collecting qualitative data. Multiple choice academic science achievement test and attitude test towards biology were given to both groups as pre-tests and post-tests. Interview form which includes open ended questions was given only experimental group after context based learning. The result of analysis shows that there is a meaningful difference between context based learning approach and traditional learning on student’s success and attitudes towards biology. The results of interview form which was implemented on experimental group in order to support obtained findings are in favour of our study.

Background: recently, many changes have been made in medical education all over the world. For this reason, students’ perception of the educational environment has attracted attention. Goal of this research is to compare perception of the students who are passing training courses with the students who are passing theoretical courses and compare two genders and different fields of study in Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2011. \nmethods: this research is cross-sectional in which 234 students of nursing and midwifery(98students), health(57 students), paramedicine(62students) and medicine(17 students) of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences participated. Data collection instrument was DREEM (Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure). This standard questionnaire included 50 items in five fields of learning , students’ perceptions of atmosphere, students’ perceptions of teachers, students’ academic self-perception, students’ social self perception. The obtained data were analyzed after inclusion in software SPSS, version 20. \n\nResults: research findings showed that total mean of DREEM score for students was 108.52 out of 200. Students of theoretical course were more satisfied with learning environments than the training course students. This is statistically significant(P=0.003). There was no statistical difference between female and male students. There is significant relationship between nursing, midwifery and paramedicine(P=0.01). \nConclusion: Generally, although students evaluated learning environment in university from positive to negative, it is necessary to pay more attention to educational principles and create suitable educational environment for better learning of the students and the use of instruments such as DREEM can contribute to process and strategy of change in education.

In the field of service computing, cloud computing provides a scalable services and promising delivery platform. Although the specific future of cloud computing is hard to pin, but it has a vital impact in the present world of Information Technology. As the business world becomes much more digitalized, cloud computing role is also increasing day by day. The more usable the cloud is the more efficient will be its task performance. Thus, one of the vital quality attribute for making a cloud usable is Usability. The usability aspect is an essential criterion to design services in an interactive way to support the task performance efficiently, effectively and with least navigational time, which further increases user satisfaction level. Keeping in mind the current business scenario, usability experts have carried out various usability evaluation techniques and usability metrics(or user satisfaction metrics) which play a significant role in cloud computing environment. Thus usability aspect became essential for designing cloud services and more interactive to support the user at their work. This paper mainly addresses the various usability techniques and evaluation assessment and issues that may be considered while evaluating the usability of cloud services.

The effect of various parameters on propagation of surface waves in electro-magneto thermoelastic orthotropic granular non-homogeneous medium subjected to gravity and initial compression has been studied. All material coefficients are obeyed the same exponent-law dependence on the depth of the granular elastic half space. Some special cases investigated by earlier researchers have also been deduced. Dispersion curves are computed numerically and presented graphically.