The article highlights the issue of hydraulic calculation of wells that are imperfect by the nature of opening the formation, used in various hydrogeological conditions. Using classical methods of hydraulics, simple and at the same time sufficiently accurate formulas for calculating imperfect wells and shaft wells are proposed. The article provides a brief literature review devoted to the hydraulic calculation of imperfect drilling wells and mine wells operating simultaneously with a filter and a flat bottom, a filter and a hemispherical bottom, a flat or hemispherical bottom located in non-pressurized and pressurized aquifers. It has been established that in the vast majority of cases, well-known formulas designed to determine the flow rate of imperfect wells have complex structures, their use in practical work is very difficult, one group of calculation dependencies is suitable only for hydraulic calculation of drilling wells, and the other group of formulas is designed to calculate shaft wells. The accuracy of the proposed calculation formulas is established by comparing the calculation results with the results obtained by the pro¬posed and known formulas. Verification of the reliability of the calculation results obtained by both the proposed and known formulas was carried out by determining the flow rate of perfect wells used in the same conditions based on specific examples. The proposed calculation formulas allow not only to determine the flow rate of imperfect wells, but also to estimate hydrogeological parameters, and predict changes in the lowering of the water level in irrigated areas

This study investigated the effect of a simultaneous increase of crude protein and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents compared to conventional formula feed on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and meat composition of late fattening Hanwoo steers. Thirty steers were randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups: control group (16.4% crude protein and 83.6% TDN based on dry matter) and treatment group (17.4% crude protein and 84.6% TDN based on dry matter). The pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acid concentrations in the in vitro rumen fluid were similar between the two groups. The ruminal dry matter degradability was higher in the treatment group than in the control group, but the difference was insignificant. There was no effect of crude protein and TDN contents in the formula feed on the average daily gain, formula feed intake, rice straw intake, feed conversion ratio, or concentrations of blood metabolites. The carcass weight and yield index were higher in the treatment group compared to the control group, but the difference was insignificant. There was no effect of crude protein and TDN contents in the formula feed on marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, or maturity. There was no effect of crude protein and TDN contents in the formula feed on pH, surface colors (CIE L*, a*, and b*), drip loss, or cooking loss in the longissimus muscle. There was no effect of crude protein and TDN contents in the formula feed on the tenderness characteristics (softness, initial tenderness, chewiness, rate of breakdown, amount of perceptible residue, and total tenderness) or sensory characteristics (juiciness, flavor intensity, off-flavor intensity, mouth-coating, and overall acceptability) of the longissimus muscle. The fatty acid composition in the longissimus muscle was similar between the two groups. Thus, we suggest that the simultaneous increase (1% increase) of crude protein and TDN in formula feed had no effect on growth performance, blood metabolism, carcass characteristics, or meat composition in the late fattening Hanwoo steers.

This study was carried out in 2018 to examine the yield and yield components of 8 potato genotypes (Kanursu, Askar, Camli, Akbulut, Yukarikizi, Incili, Erikdibi, and Nisantasi) and 2 potato varieties (Agria and Lady Olympia) procured in the ecological conditions of Bayburt, Turkey. The experimental work was conducted in trial ground at the Experimental Station of the University of Bayburt (Turkey). The research was designed in random blocks with three replications. As a result of the study, the highest number of stems per plant (6.7), tuber yield per hectare (15.19 tons), number of tubers per plant (8.47), and tuber yield per plant (357.01 g) were found to be in the genotype Akbulut; the highest ratio of large tuber (28.27%) in the genotype Konursu; and the highest ratio of medium tuber (85.22%) in the genotype Camlikoz. This study, promising variety candidates were obtained for the development of native potato varieties, which is one of the priority needs of Turkey; and this study may serve as a pioneer for the studies to be carried out in future.

This study was conducted to determine rumen fermentation characteristics of lupin flake and the effects of lupin-flake supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. In vitro and in situ trials of lupin grain and lupin flake were conducted using three Hanwoo cows with rumen fistulas. The feeding trial included forty early-fattening Hanwoo steers randomly divided into four groups: the control, T1, T2, and T3 groups. Their formula feed contained 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% lupin flake, respectively. In vitro rumen pH and ammonia concentration were lower in the lupin flake group than in the lupin grain group after 6 and 24 h of incubation, respectively (P<0.05). Concentrations of propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid were higher in the lupin flake group than in the lupin grain group after 12 h incubation (P<0.05), as was the crude protein disappearance rate at 9 and 12 h of rumen fermentation (P<0.05). Supplementation with lupin flake did not affect the average daily gain. Compared to the control group, dry matter intake was lower in the lupin flake-supplemented groups (P<0.05), the feed conversion ratio was lower in T2 and T3 (P<0.05), and plasma total protein concentration at 29 months old was lower in T1 and T3 (p<0.05). Plasma triglyceride concentration was lower in the lupin flake-supplemented groups than in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence rate of yield grade A was higher in T1 and T2 than in the control group, and the incidence rate of meat quality 1+ grade or higher was highest in T2. The carcass auction price was higher in T2 than in the other groups. Thus, in the results of this study, we consider that lupin flake than in whole lupin grain have positive effects on rumen ammonia concentration and crude protein disappearance rate. In addition, we suggest that the supplementation of 6% lupin flake-supplemented formula feed had positive effects on feed conversion ratio, yield grade and quality grade of Hanwoo steers.

The oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions of ten new and one wild Camellia oleifera varieties were investigated. Oil contents in camellia seeds from new C. oleifera varied with cultivars from 41.92% to 53.30% and affected by cultivation place. Average oil content (47.83%) of dry seeds from all ten new cultivars tested was almost the same as that of wild common C. oleifera seeds (47.06%). New C. oleifera cultivars contained similar FA compositions which included palmitic acid (C16:0, PA), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0, SA), oleic acid (C18:1, OA), linoleic acid (C18:2, LA), linolenic acid (C18:3), eicosenoic acid (C20:1) and tetracosenoic acid (C24:1). Predominant FAs in mature seeds were OA (75.78%~81.39%), LA (4.85%~10.79%), PA (7.68%~10.01%) and SA (1.46%~2.97%) and OA had the least coefficient of variation among different new cultivars. Average ratio of single FA of ten artificial C. oleifera cultivars was consistent with that of wild common C. oleifera. All cultivars contained the same ratios of saturated FA (SFA) and unsaturated FA (USFA). Oil contents and FA profiles of new cultivars were not significantly affected by artificial breeding and selection.

The total phenolic content of the freshly opened red wine samples as determined by Folin-Ciocalteau Method (FCM) were in the range of 42-1625 mg/l Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE) (Mean = 1084.6). Samples J and N, which were of Spanish and Portuguese origins, respectively, contained the highest concentration of 1625 mg/l GAE each, while the lowest concentration was recorded in sample C, a wine of Nigerian origin. Similarly, the total anthocyanin concentration of freshly opened wine samples was in the range of 20.5-166.7 mg/l Malvidin-3-Glucoside Equivalents (Mean = 109.4), with sample R (an American wine) containing the highest concentration. The total tannin concentration was in the range of 225-2387 mg/l Epicatechin Equivalents (Mean = 1653.1). Wine Q, a South African wine, had the highest concentration of tannin. The effect of air exposure resulted in a time-dependent decline in the total phenolic concentration of the wines, with the decline being more pronounced after 60 mins of air exposure. The maximum loss in the total phenolic concentration on air exposure was recorded in sample S (a Spanish wine). Maximum decrease in total anthocyanin content was observed in sample A (a Spanish wine). The result of the organoleptic (sensory) evaluation and the total phenolic concentration were non-significantly correlated, r = 0.29, p < 0.05. Likewise, there was a non-significant correlation between the result of the organoleptic (sensory) evaluation and the total tannin concentration, r = 0.39, p < 0.05. In conclusion, the various wine brands differed widely in their content of all classes of polyphenols tested. The polyphenols in the samples also differed in their susceptibility to oxidation during air exposure and cold storage after opening. These observations could be useful to consumers who are interested in wines because of their content of polyphenols, which are reported to offer some health benefits.

The full energy-peak efficiency of HPGe well-type detector is extremely important to calculate the absolute activities of natural and artificial radionuclides for the samples with low radioactivity. In this work, the efficiency transfer method (ET) in an integral form is proposed to calculate the full energy-peak efficiency and to correct the coincidence summing effect for the HPGe well-type detector. This technique is based on the calculation of the ratio of the effective solid angles subtended by the well-type detector with cylindrical sources measured inside detector cavity and an axial point source measured out the detector cavity including the attenuation of the photon by the system. This technique can be easily applied in establishing the efficiency calibration curves of well-type detectors. The calculated values of the efficiency are found to be in a good agreement with the experimental calibration data obtained with the mixed γ-ray standard source containing 60Co and 88Y.

Abstract\nThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of role Conflict on job satisfaction according to the effect of stress in job. The population of this research was all martyr organization staff and altruism organization personnel in Ilam province. The total number of the participants in this research was 210 and their selection was quite randomly. The data was collected through standard questionnaires, Rizo and Lirtzman role Conflict, smith and Kendal job satisfaction questionnaire, and Kohen job stress questionnaire. The data was analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software. The data analysis was descriptive and deductive. The research findings indicated that role Conflict have a direct influence and also indirectly and through job stress have effect on job satisfaction. Also indirect influence was more than direct one.