Abstract\nCrust of the planet is presented by two types - continental and oceanic, which radi-cally differ on composition and geological history. Continental crust is very thick, 20-70 km, and has ancient crystal foundation of metabasalt-sialic composition. As a result of the verti-cal movements and injections of deep magma, it vertically moved during 4, 4 billion years with formation of folded belts and metamorphic rocks occurring at different times. Oceanic crust was in a passive position, in the form of land, almost during all geological history, for 4.2 billion years. Only in the latest 200 million years, she became unstable and rapidly de-scended to depths of 4-6 km. Arising giant grabens were simultaneously filled of the ocean water, sediments and basalts. Mountain rocks formed horizontal layer non-large thickness (1-2 km) that covered initial peridotite mantle. In fact, the continents are the thick growths of basalt and sial in deep basins of the planet’s peridotite mantle.

Globally, the incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate, and much of the\ncare previously considered the domain of the medical practitioner is presently being\nundertaken by a range of health professionals. According to the WHO’s statistical\nprojections for healthcare expenditure for 2030, diabetes imposes a large economic\nburden on national healthcare systems. The main objective of this study is to\ndetermine the most common risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and its role in\nthe development of complications among adult Saudi patients. A cross-section design\nstudy among Saudi patients attending four primary health care centres of the Ministry\nof Health in Jeddah was selected by the Primary Health Care administration. The\nresults show that in 234 subjects, diabetes mellitus was present during data collection\nin the study period (March 2014-June 2014). The mean (SD) age of the patients was\n58.5 years. The prevalence of diabetes was 42% in males and 58% in females\n(P<.0001). The mean (SD) age for onset of diabetes in males and females was 34 and\n39 years respectively (P<.0001). This study shows that obesity and lack of exercise\nare very prominent risk factors for type 2 diabetes in the Saudi community. There was\na higher incidence of obesity (75%) associated with a sedentary lifestyle (body mass\nindex, ≥25) in females (96) 40% compared to males (87) 36% (P=.008). We found\nalso that ageing is a major risk factor as DM is a disorder of the elderly. In this study,\nit was noted that over 44% of individuals aged 55 or more had severe to uncontrolled\ndiabetes with long-term complications. Furthermore, the age-adjusted incidence of\nhypertension and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) were (89) 38 % and (56) 24%\nrespectively. The alarming incidence of diabetes associated with cardiovascular\ndisease in Saudi Arabia is shown clearly in this study. Furthermore, this study reports\nthat sensory impairments, either visual 76,0% or auditory 23,9% , are significant and\nare linked with a high risk of type 2 diabetes; it also plays a role in the development of\ncomplications among adult Saudi patients. The study’s results emphasize the need for\na holistic approach to control these risk factors and to provide insight into many physiological and psychological facets of diabetes care. This study found that a multifactorial approach to managing diabetes complication risks is needed and suggests a regular systematic, individualized risk assessment process be implemented

Quantitative theory of money appears as having the most to say about the today money -- e.g. this is a genuinely and largely developed and even developing theory of economics, a theory searching for relating the money base to real economy (i.e. national product or income) plus it verifies, as its basic equation (MV = PT) on long term. Despite that, there is another theoretical context putting this into a very shadow -- i.e. the polemics of money being: (a) representative, versus (b) fiat -- since this last polemics succeeds to push the quantitative theory off impartiality. In other words, the quantitative theory sees itself caught as limiting monetary base to money supply, as well as GDP to its nominal (money) value – i.e. no mention about money base itself that is the currency directly issued by the authority into the national area, as the one of validity.

Using of photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasing continuously today,\nmodeling of solar cells is very important as to design the systems more efficiently that requires for the success of simulation studies. Therefore, in this study, Matlab/Simulink modeling has been done for a PV power plant in Gaziantep having 4.6 kW power for which the experimental studies were performed. Obtained numerical results are in a good agreement with the experimental ones. The values used in the proposed model which are completely taken from the experimental study will be an important feasibility study for PV plants that will be established. In addition, the parameters affecting the output power of a PV panel such as\ntemperature, radiation intensity etc. was also examined in detail.

To evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) and eucalyptus essential oil (EO) in cardio-affective responses, 12 adults performed AE, Inhalation of EO, AE+EO and Control sessions. In each session remained at rest (15min) plus 5min to inhaling EO or blank-air in Control. The AE was 15min run/walk at 80-85% of maximum heart rate. After recovery (30min) the Cold Pressor Test was applied. At rest, recovery and during stress were measured cardio-affective variables. The variation of systolic pressure in stress was attenuated by AE+EO (12.3±14.9 mmHg) and EO (12.6±6.7 mmHg) compared to Control (17.3±6.5 mmHg; p<0.05). AE+EO increased pleasure in recovery (1\'= 1.2±1.9 pts and 30\'= 0.6±1.1 pts) and reduced displeasure in stress (-3.4±1.7 pts) when compared to Control in recovery (1\'= -0.5±1.4 pts and 30\'= -0.7±1.5 pts, respectively; p<0.05) and stress (-4.6±1.8 pts; p<0.05). We conclude that AE+EO attenuated cardiovascular responses and modulated the affect on recovery and stress.

With fresh and frozen mulberries (Morus spp., Moraceae, Da10 cultivar) as testing samples, we studied the firmness characteristics of the mulberries pretreated with pectin methylesterase (PME) and calcium chloride under high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) infusion with TA Texturer. We studied the impacts of infusion conditions on between the cut mulberry firmness and the impacts of ultrasonic pretreatment, vacuum infusion, and HHP processing on texture properties of processed mulberry. Through changing the experimental conditions, we obtained the optimal mulberry processing conditions: pretreatment solution composed of 0.4% (w/w) CaCl2•2H2O and 100 U/mL PME, ultrasonic-assisted vacuum infusion (40 KHz for 7 min), and HHP processing (15 min at 450 MPa). The firmness of pretreated mulberry was increased from 556.9 g to 829.2 g compared with for frozen mulberries. The results could be used to evaluate texture quality and canned mulberry products.