This research aims, first, to identify key factors that ensure successful projects. Second, it examines the attitudes of project managers in Iceland to the factors that the International Project Management Association (IPMA) and Project Management Institute (PMI) state that form the basis for successful project management. The study investigates whether there is a difference between the attitudes of project managers who have been educated in the field versus those who have not been and those who have international certification in project management and those who do not and if it is gaps in the implementation of these methodologies when carrying out projects.\nThe methodology is twofold. First, researchers administered a quantitative study in the form of a questionnaire submitted to project managers working in Iceland. Second, they conducted a qualitative study in the form of interviews with parties that had participated in the quantitative part of the study.\nThe study\'s main conclusion is that although project managers in Iceland have adopted part of the IPMA and PMI’s methodologies, there are still significant gaps in the implementation of these methodologies when carrying out projects. A quarter of the participants had not used any of the methods outlined by these organisations in their projects the two years before the study. Research has also shown that success is often not fully in line with the original objectives of the IPMA and PMI. The purpose of the IPMA and PMI methodologies is to apply accepted methods with success in mind.\nProject management has grown as a professional field in recent years, and it is crucial that project managers receive information on how to apply recognized methods in project management in a more targeted way. Although these opinions are by no means unique, they may offer a comprehensive picture of the field and serve as a starting point for future discussion, which might draw researchers from other, more established academic fields and advance the stature of project management research.
This study hypothesizes that insect extracts (housefly maggot extracts, FME) can improve egg production and egg quality via immune response in poultry as climate response animal model. The objective of this study was to investigate biological effects of housefly maggot extracts on egg production, egg quality, immune function, and faecal bacteria of laying hens. A total of 120 50-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly divided into four treatment groups: CON (control group without adding FME), FME100 (FME added at 100 mg/kg), FME150 (FME added at 150 mg/kg), and FME200 (FME added at 200 mg/kg). Egg production, egg weight, and feed conversion ratios in FME groups were significantly (P < 0.05) improved than those of the CON group. Compared with the CON group, eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, Haught unit, and albumin height were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in FME groups. Blood IgG level was significantly higher (up to 37.25% higher) in FME groups than that in the CON group (P < 0.05). However, it was not significantly different among FME groups. Leukocyte, white blood cell, and heterophil (H) levels were not significantly different among groups. Lymphocyte (L) level was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (up to 21.66% higher) in FME groups compared with that of the CON group. Corticosterone levels and H:L ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) lower (by up to 3.02 times and 5.02 times, respectively) in FME groups than those in the CON group. There were no significant differences in lymphocyte level, corticosterone level, or H:L ratios among FME groups. Fecal Lactobacillus counts in FME groups were significantly higher than that in the CON group. Colony forming units (CFUs) of coliform, total aerobic bacteria, and E. coli were lower, when compared to that of the CON group without the addition of FME (P<0.05).
Background: Retinyl Palmitate has an important role in the development of organs and essential for various life processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, vision, reproduction and immune function. Objective: To find out the effect of All-trans-retinyl palmitate on blood parameters in Swiss albino mice. Methods: Forty Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into four Groups of 10 animals in each Group and dosed as follows: Group-I, which was a control and given only corn oil (2 ml/kg body weight); Group-II, III and IV were administered All-trans-retinyl palmitate orally 4000 IU/kg body weight/day/mice for four, eight and Twelve weeks of experimental period. Fasting blood samples were collected at the end of 4, 8 weeks and finally at the end of the study i.e.12 weeks for estimation of blood parameters in all 4 Groups. Results: All-trans-retinyl palmitate significantly decreases (P<0.05) all blood parameters ( Hb., TRBC, WBC, PCV, Platelets, blood indices) in the Group-IV as compared to Group-I, II, &III; whereas no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the Group-II when compared to both control or Group-III. The Prothrombin Time and differential Lymphocyte Count in the Group-IV were significantly higher (P<0.05) when compared to Control, II, III Group and no significant change (P>0.05) was observed in the Group-II as compared to Control and Group-III. Conclusion: It is concluded that chronic high dose of All-trans-retinyl palmitate is associated with reduced bone marrow activity in Swiss albino mice.
Abstract: \nKnowledge management and organizational culture are two effective parameters on the success of organizations in today’s changing and competitive world. Some researchers believe that knowledge-based culture includes different values and beliefs of members about information and knowledge concepts. Therefore, knowledge management is the most important factor in further success. This study aims to evaluate organizational culture at Tehran Farabi Hospital located in Iran according to Denison model and examine its relationship with knowledge management. This study was cross sectional and measuring type. The considered statistical population of this research includes all occupied personnel at Tehran Farabi Hospital. At first, stratified random sampling was used to ensure that adequate numbers of personnel were represented from different sections. Then, following simple random sampling procedures, the samples in each group were selected. In total 150 questionnaires were distributed but 130 cases were returned. Data collection tool was a questionnaire designed in three parts including demographic information, organizational culture, and knowledge management items. The SPSS Software version 18 was used along with regression test for further data analysis. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge management and organizational culture and its dimensions namely cooperation, compatibility, compliance and duty (p<0.001). Furthermore, there is a middle level of knowledge management and organizational culture in this hospital. Therefore, all persons in charge are obliged to consider that in order to have effective performance of knowledge management, organizational culture is more important than other factors such as technological tools.
Economic growth is a permanent objective of economic policy, and in the medium and long run it is reflected, as we know, in the process of development. But this is not enough for an economy to grow. It is absolutely necessary for the quantitative jump to be accompanied by the qualitative one, by the improvement of the life standards and of the degree of civilization. \nWe aim at studying the process of economic growth in Italy’s particular case, a country that has not followed a very clear model of growth and which, in spite of the fact that it has not had the economic advantages of other states, is one of the developed countries of the world.
The study is an attempt to investigate the nature of competition and market contestability of 35 Pakistani banks for the period of 2007-2011 by employing Panzar and Rosse (PR-model). The test of competition overall sample (2007-2011) suggest that banks in Pakistan in state of monopolistic competition and market is in equilibrium. The sub sample (2007-2009) result of competition and equilibrium are similar as for sample period (2007-2011) suggesting that revenue produced during this period is state of monopolistic competition. Finally the results of sample period (2010-2011) suggest that banks in Pakistan are instate of perfect competition however, the market in not in long-run equilibrium. The results have interesting policy implications; it is suggested to encourage the foreign banks presence to improve the competitive condition of banking industry so that to ensure the exit and entrance of banks in the industry to increase the competition and produce the variety of product to improve banks performance and customer satisfaction.
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The ratio of electricity generated through renewable energy sources in developing and least developed countries, barring a few, are not at all significant, as due to lack of sophisticated technology and scarce financial resources. The problem of electricity in most of the African countries, despite having abundance of potential of wind and intensity of the sun is more than most part of the developing world. Most of the developing countries, including African countries get renewable energy between 1 to 3 percent. They squarely depend on gas and coal, with or without certain alternative energy sources, for power generation. Nigeria is no exception to this. In this paper, the condition of rural electrification in Nigeria is analysed with the intention to provide viable solutions for the development and provision of energy in order to reduce electricity problem among the local communities, to encourage industries with the help of the government to have some power generated from renewable energy sources, especially through PV panels, so that the burden on the central power generation sources could be reduce. The efficient electricity for the small scale industries via this source will alleviate the massive unemployment rate in the country. In view of these, the paper also examines the Nigerian power generation mix and use the idea of energy diversification method resorting to renewable energy sources readily available in the country in providing electricity in the Nigerian rural areas.
The objectives of this study were to determine the ionic composition, glucose, cholesterol, total protein contents of the seminal plasma, sperm motility traits (percentage of motility and duration of motility), sperm production characteristics (milt volume, spermatozoa concentration and spermatocrit), and also correlations between composition of the seminal plasma and sperm characteristics in Rutilus frisi kuttum (Cyprinidae, Teleosotei). Spermatozoa concentration, milt volume, spermatocrit, percentage of motility and duration of motility ranged from 1.3 to 1.8 (109 spermatozoa mL-1), 1.4 to 3.6 (ml), 38 to 57 %, 35 to 96 % and 18.9 to 50 (sec) respectively. Also, ionic contents (mML-1) of the seminal plasma ranged from 66.8 to 77.1 Na+, 0.53 to 1.5 K+, 0.41 to 1.69 Mg+2, 1.05 to 3.58 Ca+2 and 7.5 to 8.8 pH. In collected semen, glucose (2.34 to 3.75 mML-1), cholesterol (11.68 to 21.29 mML-1) and total protein (0.37 to 1.28 g L-1) were found. The Pearson correlation test presented significant relationship between the duration of motility and percentage of motility. Significant correlations were observed between sperm motility and seminal plasma characteristics. Also, significant relationships were found between some chemical compositions of the seminal plasma.