The current study was directed to investigation on the molecules, as well as different intra- and extra-cellular interactions between them, underlining the regulatory mechanisms, preventing the development of malignancies, neuro-degenerative and neuro-psychiatric disorders, by appropriate in vivo- and in vitro-experimental models. Significantly higher frequency of the spontaneous chromosomal fragility in the patients was established compared to the controls, including in the centromere regions of the chromosomes. The increased centromere spontaneous chromosomal fragility predisposes to abnormal cellular division due to injured interaction with the mitotic spindle, and thus – to number chromosomal aberrations. On the other hand, this increased frequency of the spontaneous chromosomal fragility suggests abnormal structure of the respective chromosomal/chromatin components and thus, an increased risk about gene mutations and structural chromosomal aberrations. Additionally, the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) abnormal structure is a reason about the predisposition to these pathologies. These inter-molecular interactions were proposed as underlining the functions of the different cells, tissues, organs, as well as in various time periods and in different organisms. Furthermore, a possibility about production of antibodies/immunoglobulins by non-lymphoid types of cells, tissues and organs in appropriate circumstances was shown. Because the so produced antibodies are out of the germinative centers in the specialized lymphoid tissues and organs, the control of their functions by small molecules as gangliosides is very important. The activity of the tumor-suppressor genes and their protein products should be directed to protection besides against malignancies, also against other diseases and disorders as degenerative pathologies.

Climate change negatively affects food security, leaving agricultural sustainability under threat, particularly in grassroots communities. The impact of climate change has significantly influenced agricultural price dynamics leading to the interrupted and reduced food supply. Furthermore, climate change has contributed to increased agricultural production costs; meanwhile, farmers settle for minimum selling prices for survival. With the continuous farming adjustment to adapt to climate change, the focus of the study was to investigate market price dynamics that existed between contracted and non-contracted sunflower farmers as results of climate change. The study was conducted in the North-West province, which is rich in tourism and agricultural production. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 257 participants. Data was collected through interviews with the farmers; 257 questionnaires were administered during face-to-face interviews. The Discriminant analysis method was used to draw differences that existed in market price dynamics among the two groups. The findings of the study revealed that only contracted farmers are enjoying selling their produce at a stable selling price. The study also revealed that non-contracted farmers are selling at a minimum price to survive. Furthermore, the study revealed that non-contracted farmers are losing their produce due to high spoilage rate. Therefore, the study recommends that to ensure the sustainability among sunflower farmers, particularly the non-contracted ones there should be tighter regulatory standards for rural markets to minimize price volatility.

Aim: Serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is being considered as an oxidative stress marker recently. There are a few studies about its association with childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to analyze serum IMA levels in childhood obesity as an oxidative stress marker. \nMethods: Fifty obese and fifty non-obese healthy children were included in the study. Blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters and IMA. \nResults: Serum IMA levels were significantly higher in obese group than non-obese group (945.10 ± 145.03 and 838.48 ± 122.98 respectively, p<0.001).\nConclusions: In our study it is found that IMA levels are significantly higher in obese children than non-obese children. Therefore we can suggest that IMA levels may be used as an oxidative stress marker in childhood obesity.

In comparison with other industries, where frequent customer contacts usually face small purchasing volume each purchase, the automobile industry is characterized by just a few customer contacts with large monetary value. The potential profit is major and each customer is worth much more than only the sales price for the car. This study examines how Indian customers decide to purchase automobile items from the customer value perspective. Based on customer value theory, this study identifies five factors over three dimensions of customer value and examines their effects on customers\' intention of purchasing automobile items. Our finding suggests that the effect of value on customers\' purchase intentions is significant in the emotional and social value dimensions as compared to the functional value, since digital items are more hedonic in nature and possess a high level of symbolic meaning for others to gauge one\'s personality in a conspicuous community setting. This study provides important implications for practitioners to understand how they can foster an ideal environment for customers to perceive more value in their customers’ item so that it would be more compelling to make purchases.

In this study, the genotoxic effects of cypermethrin and fenvalerate insecticides have been investigated with micronucleus test (MN) which has been in vitro test technique. Furthermore, we attempted to overcome the possible genotoxic effects of insecticides with the water (RCwtr) and the ethanol (RCeta) extracts of rosehips (Rosa canina L.). Concentrations of insecticides applications have been determined to be 20, 30, 40 and 50ppm for cypermethrin and 25, 50, 75 and 100ppm for fenvalerate with preliminary studies. Also, the application concentrations of Rosa canina L. extracts were determined to be 100ppm a result of preliminary studies and added to culture tubes with the highest application doses of insecticides as a separate group of experiments. According to our results, cypermethrin and fenvalerate have been genotoxic effects, the water and ethanol extracts of Rosa canina plants reduced this genotoxicity were concluded.

Occupational stress is associated with several consequences including absence from work, job rotation, decreasing in performance and finally increasing of retirement and disability costs. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of occupational stress and compare it among personnel of firefighting and emergency medical station (EMS). Also, it has been assessed the relationship between stress and demographic-job characteristics. This descriptive-analytical study is conducted among firefighters (n=89) and EMS personnel (n=111) in 2013. Data was collected using Health and Safety Executive questionnaire to assess the occupational stress. Another questionnaire is used to obtain the demographic and job characterizes. Data was analyzed by descriptive and chi-square tests. The significance level was 0.05. Results showed that 98.9% of firefighters and 97.3% of EMS personnel exposed to low and average levels of stress, while no one was at severe level of stress. There were a significant correlation between occupational stress with age, work experience, marriage status, employment status and education among EMS personnel, and also with exercise, hypertension and digestive disease among firefighters (P<0.05). The severity of occupational stress among firefighters was significantly more than EMS personnel (P<0.05). In Conclusion the EMS and firefighting personnel are exposed to high level of occupational stress, so both professions are classified as stressful jobs. The undesirable effects of stress can be reduced through stress management workshop, managerial support from each employee in order to be the better adaptation with stressors, encourage of persons to do regular exercise and having of good and friendly relationships in workplace.

In this paper we address different scheduling techniques in distributed systems and evaluate them. Scheduling is method by which processes use system resources efficiently to accomplish a task. Scheduling is important for high performance and to avoid bottlenecks and slowdowns. In order to get tasks completed on time, several scheduling algorithms are developed. The choice of specific algorithm or technique for scheduling depends on the, available resources and on resource request. Several scheduling algorithms developed for scheduling in distributed environment are studied and discussed here, each of which remarks diverse aspects of scheduling problems. The objective of this paper is to compare these different scheduling techniques and identify their problems.

Regression testing is a re-testing technique to test the changes, which is taken in the modified or enhanced application to ensure that the changes do not impairment the accessible behavior of the application. Modifications in the applications mainly focus on three types namely binding, process and interfaces. In order to accomplish the regression testing for a modified portion of an application, test cases are selected from a test suite. Selection and generation of the test cases are more important and also it is a tough process in regression testing. In this article, we proposed a technique to automatically generate the test cases for testing the changes of various versions of BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) dataset. We construct a hierarchical test tree (HTT) for both the new and old versions composite services that are modified for an application and also for the unmodified. The changes are tracked by analyzing the control flow of both trees constructed above using the BPEL dataset. We analyzed the performance of the proposed technique and the experimental results showed that our method performs well than the earlier techniques.

Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure of end use equipments. Among various power quality disturbances, voltage sag cause significant effect on the performance of sensitive loads present in the distribution system. Dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) are used to protect sensitive loads from the effects of voltage sags on the distribution feeder. DVR normally installed between the source voltage and critical or sensitive load. This paper describes DVR using Proportional Integral (PI) control technique. The simulations are performed using Matlab/Simulink’s SimPowersystem Toolbox.