Logic is a set of well-formed formulae, along with an inference relation. But the Classical Logic is bivalent; for this reason, very limited to solve problems with uncertainty on the data. It is well-known that Artificial Intelligence requires Logic. Because its Classical version shows too many insufficiencies, it is very necessary to introduce more sophisticated tools, as may be Non-Classical Logics; amongst them, Fuzzy Logic, Modal Logic, Non-Monotonic Logic, Para-consistent Logic, and so on. All them in the same line: against the dogmatism and the dualistic vision of the world: absolutely true vs. absolutely false, black vs. white, good or bad by nature, Yes vs. No, 0 vs. 1, Full vs. Empty, etc. We attempt to analyze here some of these very interesting Classical and modern Non-Classical Logics.

Genes are also known to play a role in the occurrence of infectious diseases like tuberculosis and AIDS as well as some non-communicable diseases like cancer and diabetes. A discriminative gene can act as a target which is a molecular structure that will undergo a specific interaction with drugs because they are administered to treat or diagnose a disease. One of the best and most accurate methods for identifying disease-causing genes is monitoring gene expression values in different samples using microarray technology. The main problem of microarray data is its limited number of samples with respect to number of genes. Fisher\'s linear discriminant is a classification method that projects high-dimensional data onto a line and performs classification in this one-dimensional space. In this work the Fisher criteria is used for selection for discriminatory gene set.

This paper discusses the results obtained from experimental investigations to evaluate the exhaust emission (i.e. CO, HC and NOX) characteristics of a hydrogen-ethanol dual fuel combination of 80 percent hydrogen and 20 percent ethanol to a spark ignition engine at the three different compression ratios of 7:1, 9:1 and 11:1, at varying equivalence ratios and an engine speed of 1500 rpm. The benefit of substituting 80% of hydrogen with ethanol deriving from the present study is a reduction of HC and CO emissions with increasing compression ratios. This however, is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in NOX emissions with increasing compression ratios.

Sahyadri College is one of the biggest colleges in Shivamogga city with an area of 85 acres. The college has a beautiful botanical garden with variety of flowering plants. A detailed survey of butterflies was conducted from May to December 2013. A total of 42 species of butterflies were recorded under five families. Among the five families, Nymphalidae dominated the list with 18 species. Papilionidae and Pieridae with eight species each. Hesperiidae and Lycaenidae with four species each. It was found that six species of butterflies were very common, twenty two species of butterflies were common and fourteen species of butterflies were rare in occurrence in Sahyadri College Campus of Shivamogga, Karnataka state.