The antifungal activity of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. was evaluated against phytopathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea Pers. causal agent of Botrytis Gray Mold disease in a number of agronomically important crops. Different methanolic concentrations of leves, stem bark, seed and pod of P. pinnata was tested against B. cinerea in vitro to test its fungicidal ability. The 4% concentration of methanolic leaf extract found highly effective against the test fungus by inhibiting the fungal growth up to 74.65%. Methanolic stem bark extract of P. pinnata inhibited fungal growth up to 68.87% with 4% of its concentration. Methanolic seed and pod extracts of test plant were also significantly inhibited the growth of B. cinerea. Methanolic leaf extracts of P. pinnata was subjected to fractional guided bioassays being its highly fungicidal activity and was partitioned using four organic solvents, viz., n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay was done with different concentrations (0.78-100 mg mL-1) of the isolated fractions and a commercial synthetic fungicide (Puslan 72 %WP) and was compared with distilled water and Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and the data was recorded with regular intervals for 3 consecutive days. The assay proved n-hexane to be highly effective in retarding the mycelial germination at 0.78 mg mL-1 and the fraction was found to be much effective as compared to the synthetic fungicide used which retarded the mycelial growth at 6.25 mg mL-1. The other isolated fractions were comparatively less fungicidal than n-hexane.

Given an k-tuple of vectors, S = (v1,v2,...,vk), the neighbourhood adjacency code of a vertex v with respect to S, denoted by ncS(v) and defined by (a1,a2,...,ak) where ai is 1 if v and vi are adjacent and 0 otherwise. S is called a neighbourhood resolving set or a neighbourhood r-set if ncS(u) is not equal to ncS(v) for any u,v ∈ V (G). The least cardinality of a minimal neighbourhood resloving set of G is called the neighbourhood resolving number of G and is denoted by nr(G). A study of this new concept has been elaborately studied by S. Suganthi and V. Swaminathan. E. Sampathkumar and P. S. Neeralagi introduced the concept of fixed, free and totally free vertices with respect to a parameter t. In this paper, nr-fixed, nr-free and nr-totally free vertices of G are defined and results involving these type of vertices are obtained.

In this paper the basic operation and principle of Space Solar Power Satellite is described. The microwave power transmission antennas are suitable for future application of solar power satellite. By use of magnetron & semiconductor amplifier the efficiency of microwave power transmitter can be enhanced. The microwave energy transmitter and receivers are the main focus in this paper. After a several experiment and theoretical discussion we identified a suitable MPT with specific parameters for wireless power broadcast system.

The aim of this paper is to establish certain inclusion relationships for some subclasses of p-valent analytic functions using subordination properties. Some applications of our work to the Bernardi integral operator is also given.

Background & Aims: Prenatal diagnosis is testing for detection of diseases or conditions in a fetus or embryo before it is born. Using fetal DNA in maternal blood for fetal sex determination in early pregnancy for couples carrying pathogenic genes, such as defects in the gene of coagulation factor 8 (FVIII) and ... Possibility of having healthy children provides for them.\nConsidering the high risk factors for a disease related to fetal sex, the prenatal diagnosis of certain diseases for which there is no genetic or in cases where prenatal diagnosis is fetal gender, but is required before testing to determine (for example Duchenne muscular dystrophy or hemophilia), fetal sex determination in the early stages of pregnancy is very important. This Study was done to investigate sex determination tests confidence in 8-12 weeks pregnancy. \n Materials & Methods: In this study 30 pregnant women in the 8-12 weeks of pregnancy were intended. During the study, accuracy and precision of sex determination was study with reviews SRY gene expression along the internal control GAPDH, in 30 pregnant women with the techniques and quantitative Real time PCR with using specific primers and probes, in 8 to 12 weeks of pregnancy.\n Results: Accuracy of sex determination with SRY gene expression in 8- 12 weeks of pregnancy, 85%, 85%, 90% and 100% respectively.\n Conclusion: It seems that the primary fetal sex-determining in early stage of pregnancy doing to be reduced the risk born of fetals with fatal diseases.

Calreticulin (CRT), a multifunctional protein that regulates varied important cell\nfunctions, in addition CRT recently drawn notice that the function of oxidative stress induced\napoptosis. At this point, the role of CRT through oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death\nis focused. Herein, we used mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell cells (MCF-7) in vitro to\ninvestigate the role CRT overexpression in cell death by promoting ROS induced apoptosis.\nHuman CRT gene was isolated from blood, cDNA was synthesized, CRT was cloned to the\nXhoI/EcoRI restriction sites of a mammalian expression vector pcDNA 3.1 and plasmid was\ntransfected in to MCF-7 cell line to promote apoptosis. After 24 h and 48 h transfection, cell\nproliferation, LDH leakage, lipid peroxidation, total protein, and glutathione concentrations were\nmeasured. CRT transfected cells expressed higher concentrations of lipid peroxidation and LDH\nleakage than control MCF -7 cells. There was a significant negative correlation between lipid\nperoxidation and cell proliferation. Glutathione did not appear to be a significant factor.\nTherefore, stimulation of CRT may modulate the growth inhibitory effects in human breast\ncancer cells. One mechanism of growth inhibition may be through increased lipid peroxidation.